Qt5.11 Qt 3D入门(二)

本文在之前创建的3D程序基础上,介绍如何在Qt 3D中导入并显示3D模型。Qt 3D支持obj格式,示例中使用Qt自带的toyplane.obj模型,通过编辑main.qml文件,定义Entity、Mesh和PhongMaterial来呈现模型。运行程序后,用户可通过鼠标交互从不同角度观察模型。
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前面我们使用Qt 3D框架创建了一个最基本的3D程序,蓝色的背景,里面什么也没有。

现在,我们要在此基础上把3D模型放进去。3D建模的工具有很多,Auto CAD, 3DS Max,Rhino, Blender等等,有收费,有免费,不一而足,总有一款你会喜欢。 在学校不同的专业学的软件可能不同,笔者是电子专业的,十几年前在学校只学过工程制图,使用的是AutoCAD。但没关系,我们要做的是编写3D程序,建模有时间再学吧。

Qt 3D内置了obj的模型解析器,能够导入的是obj格式的3D模型,其它格式就需要转换一下了。如果手头没有现成的模型,我们就直接使用Qt自带的几个模型做为例子。Qt的示例程序里面带了几个模型,存放在下面这个目录,我们把它拷出来,放到自己的工作目录即可。

Examples\Qt-5.11.1\qt3d\exampleresources\assets\obj

接下来,把toyplane.obj添加到我们的工程里面,先在qml.qrc下添加一个prefix,/assets/obj,然后把toyplane.obj添加到此路径下。

编辑main.qml文件,添加以下内容:

    Entity {
        id: topplane

        PhongMaterial 
This directory contains the Qt3D project for Qt5: * Qt3D QML bindings and * Qt3D C++ APIs Building Qt3D ================== Qt5 is a rapidly changing bleeding edge environment. This branch is our initial support for it and thus is also rapidly changing and bleeding edge. This branch is experimental, and unsupported. This information is provided for advanced use only. No guarantees about API stability or even if this works at all are supplied, use at your own risk. First fetch the Qt5 source tree and Qt3D master branch: cd ~/depot git clone ssh://codereview.qt-project.org:29418/qt/qt5.git cd qt5 ./init-repository --codereview-username \ --module-subset=qtbase,qtsvg,qtdeclarative,qttools,qtxmlpatterns,qtdoc,qlalr,qtrepotools,qtqa,qtlocation,qt3d git submodule foreach "git fetch gerrit && git reset --hard gerrit/master" cd qt3d scp -p -P 29418 codereview.qt-project.org:hooks/commit-msg .git/hooks/ git fetch gerrit git checkout --track -b master gerrit/master If you are reading this file then somehow you probably already got this far anyway. Now build Qt5, which will also build Qt3D as a module: cd ~/build mkdir qt5 cd qt5 ~/depot/qt5/configure -developer-build -opensource -confirm-license -no-webkit -no-phonon -nomake tests \ -nomake examples -declarative -opengl -svg && make -j 4 What's in Qt3D ================== Directory structure: src/threed/ This is the main library of the Qt3D project, containing abstractions for cross-platform GL, shaders, lighting models, and so on. src/plugins/ Scene format loading plugins. src/imports/ QML import plugins. util/ Various utilities that are useful when working with Qt3D. examples/ Some examples of using Qt3D QML bindings and Qt3D C++ API. demos/ Some more complex demos of using Qt3D QML bindings and Qt3D C++ API. tests/auto/qml3d/ Unit tests for the QML bindings. tests/auto/threed/ Unit tests for the C++ API doc/ Documentation. devices/symbian/ Symbian deployment file Documentation ============= The documentation can be generated with "make docs". It will be placed into "doc/html" in the build directory. Packages ======== This section is only for those developing Qt3D. Read on to discover how the building of packages works. This section is also important if you want to change how the structure of the Qt3D pro files work. To build Qt3D, run: qmake && make The .pro files will cause the toolchain to place the libraries, QML files and meshes of Qt3D directly into place, as part of the compile process. The files go into the bin/ directory, and the executables can be run directly from there. If you are doing a developer build, plugins will be installed in such a way that Qt will find them. After building the tree the install step is invoked using the INSTALL_ROOT environment export to cause the installation rules to place all the files into a sandboxed install tree, ready for packaging: INSTALL_ROOT=tmp make install Examples ======== Some examples require assimp library to parse the content. Go to http://assimp.sourceforge.net/ and build and install the assimp library. Then configure Qt3D to include assimp and run qmake && make.
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