当代人工智能 实验一 使用神经网络解决三好学生问题

1. 运行并测试三好学生问题代码，根据实验分析学习率对网络的影响。
2. 若某校三好学生在评判准则为德育分、智育分、体育分和社会实践构成，有三位学生的分数分别如下。试使用神经网络求解每一项分数的权重。

   德育分	智育分	体育分	社会实践	总分
   90	80	80	70	84
   80	90	100	90	86
   90	100	70	100	92

   三好学生代码（TensorFlow 1.x）：
    

   import tensorflow as tf
   
   x1 = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32)
   x2 = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32)
   x3 = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32)
   
   w1 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w2 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w3 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   
   n1 = x1 * w1
   n2 = x2 * w2
   n3 = x3 * w3
   
   y = n1 + n2 + n3
   
   sess = tf.Session()
   
   init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
   sess.run(init)
   
   result = sess.run([x1, x2, x3, w1, w2, w3, y], feed_dict={x1: 90, x2: 80, x3: 70})
   print(result)
   
   yTrain = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32)
   
   loss = tf.abs(y - yTrain)
   optimizer = tf.train.RMSPropOptimizer(0.001)
   
   train = optimizer.minimize(loss)
   
   result = sess.run([train, x1, x2, x3, w1, w2, w3, y, yTrain, loss], feed_dict={x1: 90, x2: 80, x3: 70, yTrain: 85})
   print(result)
   
   result = sess.run([train, x1, x2, x3, w1, w2, w3, y, yTrain, loss], feed_dict={x1: 98, x2: 95, x3: 87, yTrain: 96})
   print(result)
   
   for i in range(5000):
   	result = sess.run([train, x1, x2, x3, w1, w2, w3, y, yTrain, loss], feed_dict={x1: 90, x2: 80, x3: 70, yTrain: 85})
   	print(result)
   
   result = sess.run([train, x1, x2, x3, w1, w2, w3, y, yTrain, loss], feed_dict={x1: 98, x2: 95, x3: 87, yTrain: 96})
   print(result)

   若是TensorFlow 2.x的版本，需要修改代码，运行如下代码：

   import tensorflow as tf
   # 定义变量
   w1 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w2 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w3 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   # 定义模型函数
   def model(x1, x2, x3):
       n1 = x1 * w1
       n2 = x2 * w2
       n3 = x3 * w3
       y = n1 + n2 + n3
       return y
   # 定义损失函数
   def loss_function(y_pred, y_true):
       return tf.abs(y_pred - y_true)
   # 选择优化器
   optimizer = tf.optimizers.RMSprop(0.001)
   # 训练步骤函数
   def train_step(x1, x2, x3, y_true):
       with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
           y_pred = model(x1, x2, x3)
           loss = loss_function(y_pred, y_true)
       gradients = tape.gradient(loss, [w1, w2, w3])
       optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, [w1, w2, w3]))
       return loss
   # 示例数据和训练
   x1_data = tf.constant([90, 98], dtype=tf.float32)
   x2_data = tf.constant([80, 95], dtype=tf.float32)
   x3_data = tf.constant([70, 87], dtype=tf.float32)
   y_train_data = tf.constant([85, 96], dtype=tf.float32)
   # 运行训练循环
   for i in range(5000):
       loss = train_step(x1_data, x2_data, x3_data, y_train_data)
       if i % 100 == 0:
           print(f"Iteration {i}, Loss: {loss.numpy()}")
   # 检查最终的权重和损失
   y_pred = model(x1_data, x2_data, x3_data)
   final_loss = loss_function(y_pred, y_train_data)
   print(f"Final weights: {w1.numpy()}, {w2.numpy()}, {w3.numpy()}")
   print(f"Final loss: {final_loss.numpy()}")

   分析权重代码（TensorFlow版本为2.x）：

   import tensorflow as tf
   # 定义变量
   w1 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w2 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w3 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   w4 = tf.Variable(0.1, dtype=tf.float32)
   # 定义模型函数
   def model(x1, x2, x3,x4):
       n1 = x1 * w1
       n2 = x2 * w2
       n3 = x3 * w3
       n4 = x4 * w4
       y = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4
       return y
   # 定义损失函数
   def loss_function(y_pred, y_true):
       return tf.abs(y_pred - y_true)
   # 选择优化器
   optimizer = tf.optimizers.RMSprop(0.001)
   # 训练步骤函数
   def train_step(x1, x2, x3, x4,y_true):
       with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
           y_pred = model(x1, x2, x3,x4)
           loss = loss_function(y_pred, y_true)
       gradients = tape.gradient(loss, [w1, w2, w3,w4])
       optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, [w1, w2, w3,w4]))
       return loss
   # 示例数据和训练
   x1_data = tf.constant([90, 80,90], dtype=tf.float32)
   x2_data = tf.constant([80, 90,100], dtype=tf.float32)
   x3_data = tf.constant([80, 100,70], dtype=tf.float32)
   x4_data = tf.constant([70, 90,100], dtype=tf.float32)
   y_train_data = tf.constant([84, 86,92], dtype=tf.float32)
   # 运行训练循环
   for i in range(5000):
       loss = train_step(x1_data, x2_data, x3_data,x4_data, y_train_data)
       if i % 100 == 0:
           print(f"Iteration {i}, Loss: {loss.numpy()}")
   # 检查最终的权重和损失
   y_pred = model(x1_data, x2_data, x3_data,x4_data)
   final_loss = loss_function(y_pred, y_train_data)
   print(f"Final weights: {w1.numpy()}, {w2.numpy()}, {w3.numpy()},{w4.numpy()}")
   print(f"Final loss: {final_loss.numpy()}")

   最终的权重为：

   ω1=0.5046337842941284

   ω2= 0.25738802552223206

   ω3=0.10077429562807083

   ω4=0.13746078312397003
   
   作者：henu  21级 计算机与信息工程学院 空午