Android界面编程之九 对话框

Android提供了丰富的对话框支持，它提供如下4种常用对话框：

AlertDialog	实际应用最广泛的对话框
ProgressDialog	进度对话框，只是对简单进度条的封装
DatePickerDialog	日期选择对话框
TimePickerDialog	时间选择对话框

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2.9.1 AlertDialog

AlertDialog功能很强大，可以生成各种内容的对话框，但实际上，AlertDialog生成的对话框总有一个大致结构，可以分为4个区域：图标区、标题区、内容区、按钮区

从上面的对话框的结构来看，创建对话框需要进过如下几步：

1. 使用创建AlertDialog.Builder对象
2. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的setTitle()或setCustomTitle()方法设置标题
3. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的setIcon()方法设置标题
4. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的相关设置方法设置对话框内容
5. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的setPositiveButton()、setNegativeButton()或NeutralButton()方法添加多个按钮
6. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的create()创建AlertDialog对象，再调用AlertDialog对象的show()将该对话框显示出来

可以看出，第4个步骤是最灵活的，AlertDialog允许创建各种内容的对话框，AlertDialog提供了以下6种方法来制定对话框内容

setMessage()	设置为简单文本内容
setItems()	设置为简单列表项
setSingleChoiceItems()	设置对话框内容为单选列表项
setMultiChoiceItems()	设置对话框内容为多选列表项
setAdapter()	设置为自定义列表项
setView()	自定义View

示例代码：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

TextView show ;
String[] items = new String[] {
"疯狂Java讲义" , "疯狂Ajax讲义" ,
"轻量级Java EE企业应用实战" ,
"疯狂Android讲义" };
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu. main , menu);
return true ;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
if (id == R.id. action_settings ) {
return true ;
}
return super .onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

public void simple(View source) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder( this )
.setTitle( "simple alert dialog" )
.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher )
.setMessage( "test content\n secon row content" );
setPositiveButton(builder);
setNegativeButton(builder).create().show();
}

private AlertDialog.Builder setPositiveButton(AlertDialog.Builder builder)
{
return builder.setPositiveButton( "Sure" , new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
show .setText( "clicked 'sure' button" );
}
});
}
private AlertDialog.Builder setNegativeButton(AlertDialog.Builder builder)
{
return builder.setNegativeButton( "Cancel" , new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
show .setText( "clicked 'cancel' button" );
}
});
}

public void simpleList(View source)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder( this )
.setTitle( "simple list dialog" )
.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher )
.setItems( items , new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
show .setText( "you pick <" + items [which] + ">" );
}
});
setPositiveButton(builder);
setNegativeButton(builder).create().show();

}

public void singleChoice(View source)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder( this )
.setTitle( "single choice dialog" )
.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher )
.setSingleChoiceItems( items , 1, new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
show .setText( "you pick <" + items [which] + ">" );
}
});
setPositiveButton(builder);
setNegativeButton(builder).create().show();

}

public void multiChoice(View source)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder( this )
.setTitle( "multiple choice dialog" )
.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher )
.setMultiChoiceItems( items ,
new boolean []{ false , true , false , true }, null );
setPositiveButton(builder);
setNegativeButton(builder).create().show();

}

public void customList(View source)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder( this )
.setTitle( "custom list dialog" )
.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher )
.setAdapter( new ArrayAdapter<String>( this ,
R.layout. array_item , items ), null );
setPositiveButton(builder);
setNegativeButton(builder).create().show();

}


public void customView(View source)
{
TableLayout loginForm = (TableLayout) getLayoutInflater()
.inflate(R.layout. login , null );
new AlertDialog.Builder( this )
.setTitle( "custom view dialog" )
.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher )
.setView(loginForm)
.setPositiveButton( "login" , new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
// login operation
}
})
.setNegativeButton( "cancel" , new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
// login operation
}
})
.create()
.show();
}

}

---

2.9.2 对话框风格的窗口

          <activity

               android:name=".DialogTheme"

               android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Dialog"

               android:label="@string/app_name">

               <intent-filter>

                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

               </intent-filter>

          </activity>

---

2.9.3 PopupWindow

可以创建类似对话框风格的窗口，只需要如下两个步骤即可：

1. 调用PopupWindow 的构造器创建PopupWindow对象
2. 调用PopupWindow的showAsDropDown(View v) 将PopupWindow在指定位置显示出来

示例代码：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    @ Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
        View root = this .getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout. popup , null );
        final PopupWindow popup = new PopupWindow(root, 280, 360);
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id. bn );
        button.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener()
        {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v)
        {
        popup.showAtLocation(findViewById(R.id. bn ), Gravity. CENTER , 20, 20);
        }
        });
        root.findViewById(R.id. close ).setOnClickListener(
        new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
popup.dismiss();
}

});

    }

}

---

2.9.4 DatPickerDialog、TimePickerDialog

使用这两种Dialog的步骤也较简单，只需要两个步骤即可：

1. 通过new关键字创建实例，调用他们的show()即可显示对话框
2. 为它们绑定监听器

示例代码：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
Button dateBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id. dateBn );
Button timeBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id. timeBn );
dateBn.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View source) {
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
new DatePickerDialog(MainActivity. this ,
new DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener() {

@Override
public void onDateSet(DatePicker dp, int year,
int month, int dayOfMonth) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
EditText show = (EditText) findViewById(R.id. show );
show.setText( "you've picked : " + year + "."
+ month + 1 + "." + dayOfMonth);
}

}
, c.get(Calendar. YEAR )
, c.get(Calendar. MONTH )
, c.get(Calendar. DAY_OF_MONTH )).show();
}
});
timeBn.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View source) {
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
new TimePickerDialog(MainActivity. this ,
new TimePickerDialog.OnTimeSetListener() {

@Override
public void onTimeSet(TimePicker tp, int hourOfDay,
int minute) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
EditText show = (EditText) findViewById(R.id. show );
show.setText( "you've picked : " + hourOfDay + ":"
+ minute );
}

}
, c.get(Calendar. HOUR_OF_DAY )
, c.get(Calendar. MINUTE )
, true ).show();
}
});

}

}

---

2.9.5 ProgressDialog

ProgressDialog代表了进度对话框，程序只要创建ProgressDialog实例，并将它显示出来就是一个进度对话框。有如下两种方式创建对话框：

1. show()
2. 设置后显示

设置的常用方法有：

setIndeterminate(boolean indeterminate)	设置对话框里的进度条不显示进度值
setMax(int max)	设置对话框里进度条的最大值
setMessage(CharSequence message)	设置对话框里显示的消息
setProgress(int value)	设置对话框里进度条里显示的消息
setProgressStyle(int style)	设置对话框里进度条的风格

示例代码：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

final static int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
private int [] data = new int [50];
int progressStatus = 0;
int hasData = 0;
ProgressDialog pd1 , pd2 ;
Handler handler = new Handler()
{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
if (msg. what == 0x123)
{
pd2 .setProgress( progressStatus );
}
}
};
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
    }

    public void showSpinner(View source)
    {
    pd1 = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity. this );
    pd1 .setTitle( "mission excuting" );
    pd1 .setMessage( "please wait" );
    pd1 .setCancelable( true );
    pd1 .setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog. STYLE_HORIZONTAL );
    pd1 .setIndeterminate( true );
    pd1 .show();
    }
    public void showProgress(View source)
    {
    progressStatus = 0;
    hasData = 0;
    pd2 = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity. this );
    pd2 .setMax( MAX_PROGRESS );
    pd2 .setTitle( "mission completed percentage" );
    pd2 .setMessage( "completed part" );
    pd2 .setCancelable( false );
    pd2 .setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog. STYLE_HORIZONTAL );
    pd2 .setIndeterminate( true );
    pd2 .show();
    new Thread()
    {
    public void run()
    {
    while ( progressStatus < MAX_PROGRESS )
    {
    progressStatus = MAX_PROGRESS
    * doWork() / data . length ;
    handler .sendEmptyMessage(0x123);
    }
    if ( progressStatus >= MAX_PROGRESS )
    {
    pd2 .dismiss();
    }
    }
    }.start();
    }
    public int doWork()
    {
    data [ hasData ++] = ( int ) (Math.random() * 100);
    try
    {
    Thread.sleep(100);
    }
    catch (InterruptedException e)
    {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return hasData ;
    }

}

main.xml代码：

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width = "match_parent"
    android:layout_height = "match_parent"
    android:orientation = "vertical"
    android:gravity = "center_horizontal" >

    
    < Button
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "progress status"
        android:onClick = "showSpinner" />
    < Button
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "hide status"
        android:onClick = "showIndeterminate" />
    < Button
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "show status"
        android:onClick = "showProgress" />

</ LinearLayout >