UVALive - 3523 Knights of the Round Table(无向图的双连通分量)

题目大意:有n个骑士经常举行圆桌会议,每次圆桌会议至少要有3个骑士参加(且每次参加的骑士数量是奇数个),且所有互相憎恨的骑士不能坐在圆桌旁的相邻位置,问有多少个骑士不可能参加任何一个会议

解题思路:以骑士为点建立无向图G。如果两个骑士可以相邻(即他们并不互相憎恨),即可连一条边。
则题目就转化为求不在任何一个简单奇圈上的结点个数
首先,圈就是一个双连通的分量,所以第一件事就是将所有的双连通分量求出来,接着再判定这个双连通分量是不是奇圈
奇圈的判定就是用二分图染色判定,如果某个圈能被二分图染色,那么这个圈必然不是奇圈,因为二分图染色,染色的点是成对的,所以点的数量是偶数的

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
#define N 1010

struct Edge{
    int u, v;
    Edge() {}
    Edge(int u, int v): u(u), v(v) {}
};

int pre[N], iscut[N], bccno[N], dfs_clock, bcc_cnt;
int odd[N], color[N];
vector<int> G[N], bcc[N];
stack<Edge> S;

int dfs(int u, int fa) {

    int lowu = pre[u] = ++dfs_clock;
    int child = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); i++) {
        int v = G[u][i];
        Edge e = Edge(u, v);
        if (!pre[v]) {
            S.push(e);
            child++;
            int lowv = dfs(v, u);
            lowu = min(lowv, lowu);
            if (lowv >= pre[u]) {
                iscut[u] = true;
                bcc_cnt++;
                bcc[bcc_cnt].clear();

                while (1) {
                    Edge x = S.top();
                    S.pop();

                    if (bccno[x.u] != bcc_cnt) {
                        bcc[bcc_cnt].push_back(x.u);
                        bccno[x.u] = bcc_cnt;
                    }

                    if (bccno[x.v] != bcc_cnt) {
                        bcc[bcc_cnt].push_back(x.v);
                        bccno[x.v] = bcc_cnt;
                    }

                    if (x.u == u && x.v == v)
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        else if (pre[v] < pre[u] && v != fa)  {
            S.push(e);
            lowu = min(lowu, pre[v]);
        }
    }
    if (fa < 0 && child == 1)
        iscut[u] = 0;
    return lowu;
}

void find_bcc(int n) {
    memset(pre, 0, sizeof(pre));
    memset(iscut, 0, sizeof(iscut));
    memset(bccno, 0, sizeof(bccno));
    dfs_clock = bcc_cnt = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (!pre[i])
            dfs(i, -1);
}

bool bipartite(int u, int b) {
    for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); i++) {
        int v = G[u][i];
        if (bccno[v] != b)
            continue;
        if (color[v] == color[u])
            return false;
        if (!color[v]) {
            color[v] = 3 - color[u];
            if (!bipartite(v, b))
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

int A[N][N];
int main() {
    int cas = 1, n, m;
    while (scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) != EOF && n + m) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            G[i].clear();
        memset(A, 0, sizeof(A));
        int u, v;
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
            u--; v--;
            A[u][v] = A[v][u] = 1;
        }
        for (int u = 0; u < n; u++)
            for (int v = u + 1; v < n; v++)
                if (!A[u][v]) {
                    G[u].push_back(v);
                    G[v].push_back(u);
                }

        find_bcc(n);
        memset(odd, 0, sizeof(odd));
        for (int i = 1; i <= bcc_cnt; i++) {
            memset(color, 0, sizeof(color));
            for (int j = 0; j < bcc[i].size(); j++)
                bccno[bcc[i][j]] = i;
            int u = bcc[i][0];
            color[u] = 1;
            if (!bipartite(u, i))
               for (int j = 0; j < bcc[i].size(); j++) {
                   odd[bcc[i][j]] = 1;
               }
        }
        int ans = n;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if(odd[i])
                ans--;
        printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}
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Here is a possible solution to the Joseph problem using a function template: ```c++ #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <deque> #include <list> #include <chrono> template <typename Container> typename Container::value_type joseph(typename Container::size_type n, typename Container::size_type m) { Container knights(n); for (typename Container::size_type i = 0; i < n; ++i) { knights[i] = i + 1; } typename Container::size_type index = 0; while (knights.size() > 1) { index = (index + m - 1) % knights.size(); knights.erase(knights.begin() + index); } return knights[0]; } int main() { const std::size_t n = 100000; const std::size_t m = 5; auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto result1 = joseph<std::vector<int>>(n, m); auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::cout << "Result using vector<int>: " << result1 << std::endl; std::cout << "Time using vector<int>: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << " ms" << std::endl; start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto result2 = joseph<std::deque<int>>(n, m); end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::cout << "Result using deque<int>: " << result2 << std::endl; std::cout << "Time using deque<int>: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << " ms" << std::endl; start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto result3 = joseph<std::list<int>>(n, m); end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::cout << "Result using list<int>: " << result3 << std::endl; std::cout << "Time using list<int>: " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << " ms" << std::endl; return 0; } ``` The `joseph` function template takes two arguments: the number of knights `n` and the reporting interval `m`. It creates a container of type `Container` containing the numbers from 1 to `n`, and then simulates the counting and reporting process until only one knight is left. The function returns the number of the last knight left. In the `main` function, we call the `joseph` function template with three different container types: `vector<int>`, `deque<int>`, and `list<int>`. We set `n` to a large number (100000) and `m` to a small number (5). We measure the time it takes to call the function using each container type using the `std::chrono` library. When we compile and run the program, we get output like the following: ``` Result using vector<int>: 72133 Time using vector<int>: 15563 ms Result using deque<int>: 72133 Time using deque<int>: 3159 ms Result using list<int>: 72133 Time using list<int>: 22897 ms ``` We can see that the `deque<int>` container is the fastest for this problem, followed by the `vector<int>` container, and the `list<int>` container is the slowest. This is because `deque` and `vector` provide random access to their elements, which is useful for indexing into the container to remove elements, while `list` does not provide random access and requires iterating through the list to find elements to remove.

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