python-netifaces模块

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-01 20:21:40 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-01 20:21:40 发布

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： python 网络开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/L18395026811/article/details/130510681

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netifaces

1. introduction

在Linux系统中，我们可以使用ip addr、ifconfig、route等命令查看系统网络等相关配置。也可以在查询结果中使用正则表达式，管道，awk等处理提取相关信息。

在python中可以使用第三方库netifaces获取有关网络接口及状态的信息，如ip地址，MAC地址等。

2. install

2.1 source install

tar xvzf netifaces-0.10.4.tar.gz

cd netifaces-0.10.4

sudo python setup.py install

2.2 pip install

pip3 install netifaces

3. employ

3.1 获取网络接口名

    @staticmethod
    def get_local_interfaces() -> list:
        """
        description: 获取本机网络接口名
        :return: ['lo', 'enp3s0']
        """

        interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()
        print(interfaces)
        return interfaces

3.2 根据接口名获取网络信息

    @staticmethod
    def get_local_info():
        """
        description: 根据网络接口名获取网络信息
        :return:
        """
        interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()

        for interface in interfaces:
            print(netifaces.ifaddresses(interface))

{

17: [

{

‘addr’: ‘4c:cc:6a:19:6b:53’,

‘broadcast’: ‘ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff’

}

],

2: [

{

‘addr’: ‘192.168.7.101’,

‘netmask’: ‘255.255.255.0’,

‘broadcast’: ‘192.168.7.255’

}

],

10: [

{

‘addr’: ‘fe80::5468:5c8c:57c6:b936%enp3s0’,

‘netmask’: ‘ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::/64’

}

]

}

返回值详解:

数据类型：字典
与linux系统执行ifconfig命令输出结果基本一致，就是对应网卡的详细信息。通过这些信息可以得到期望的ip，mac等信息。
key值是netifaces.address_families中映射的值，例如17对应的是AF_PACKET信息，2对应的是AF_INET也就是IPV4信息。
可以通过映射值直接获取信息。

3.3 映射常量值

    @staticmethod
    def get_families():
        print(netifaces.address_families)

3.4 获取路由信息

    @staticmethod
    def get_local_gateway():
        """
        description: 获取路由信息
        :return: {'default': {2: ('192.168.7.254', 'enp3s0')}, 2: [('192.168.7.254', 'enp3s0', True)]}
        """
        netifaces.gateways()

4. example

4.1 get local ip

    @staticmethod
    def get_ip():
        interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()

        for interface in interfaces:
            info = netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)
            local_info = info[netifaces.AF_INET][0]
            local_ip = local_info['addr']
            print(local_ip)

4.2 get local netmask

    @staticmethod
    def get_netmask():
        interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()

        for interface in interfaces:
            info = netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)
            local_info = info[netifaces.AF_INET][0]
            local_netmask = local_info['netmask']
            print(local_netmask)

4.3 get gateway ip

    @staticmethod
    def get_gateway():
        gateway = netifaces.gateways().get(netifaces.AF_INET)
        local_gateway = gateway[0][0]
        print(local_gateway)