Codeforces723 E. One-Way Reform （欧拉路径）

题目连接：http://codeforces.com/contest/723/problem/E

E. One-Way Reform

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

There are n cities and m two-way roads in Berland, each road connects two cities. It is known that there is no more than one road connecting each pair of cities, and there is no road which connects the city with itself. It is possible that there is no way to get from one city to some other city using only these roads.

The road minister decided to make a reform in Berland and to orient all roads in the country, i.e. to make each road one-way. The minister wants to maximize the number of cities, for which the number of roads that begins in the city equals to the number of roads that ends in it.

Input

The first line contains a positive integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 200) — the number of testsets in the input.

Each of the testsets is given in the following way. The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 200, 0 ≤ m ≤ n·(n - 1) / 2) — the number of cities and the number of roads in Berland.

The next m lines contain the description of roads in Berland. Each line contains two integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) — the cities the corresponding road connects. It's guaranteed that there are no self-loops and multiple roads. It is possible that there is no way along roads between a pair of cities.

It is guaranteed that the total number of cities in all testset of input data doesn't exceed 200.

Pay attention that for hacks, you can only use tests consisting of one testset, so t should be equal to one.

Output

For each testset print the maximum number of such cities that the number of roads that begins in the city, is equal to the number of roads that ends in it.

In the next m lines print oriented roads. First print the number of the city where the road begins and then the number of the city where the road ends. If there are several answers, print any of them. It is allowed to print roads in each test in arbitrary order. Each road should be printed exactly once.

Example

input

2
5 5
2 1
4 5
2 3
1 3
3 5
7 2
3 7
4 2

output

3
1 3
3 5
5 4
3 2
2 1
3
2 4
3 7

题目大意：给你一个无向图，然后让你给边定向，使得入度等于出度的点最多。

解题思路：构造出第n+1个点，把度数为奇数的点把一条边连去n+1的点，那么剩下的边就能构造出一条欧拉回路出来。答案其实就是度数为偶数的点的集合。

/* ***********************************************
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┆　　┃　勒　┃　　┆　　　　　　
┆　　┃　戈　┗━━━┓ ┆
┆　　┃　壁　　　　　┣┓┆
┆　　┃　的草泥马　　┏┛┆
┆　　┗┓┓┏━┳┓┏┛ ┆
┆　　　┃┫┫　┃┫┫ ┆
┆　　　┗┻┛　┗┻┛ ┆
************************************************ */
//#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <bitset>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,a,b) for (int i=(a),_ed=(b);i<=_ed;i++)
#define per(i,a,b) for (int i=(b),_ed=(a);i>=_ed;i--)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
const int inf_int = 2e9;
const long long inf_ll = 2e18;
#define inf_add 0x3f3f3f3f
#define mod 1000000007
#define LL long long
#define ULL unsigned long long
#define MS0(X) memset((X), 0, sizeof((X)))
#define SelfType int
SelfType Gcd(SelfType p,SelfType q){return q==0?p:Gcd(q,p%q);}
SelfType Pow(SelfType p,SelfType q){SelfType ans=1;while(q){if(q&1)ans=ans*p;p=p*p;q>>=1;}return ans;}
#define Sd(X) int (X); scanf("%d", &X)
#define Sdd(X, Y) int X, Y; scanf("%d%d", &X, &Y)
#define Sddd(X, Y, Z) int X, Y, Z; scanf("%d%d%d", &X, &Y, &Z)
#define reunique(v) v.resize(std::unique(v.begin(), v.end()) - v.begin())
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define   mem(x,v)      memset(x,v,sizeof(x))
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<long long, long long> pll;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<long long> vll;
inline int read(){int ra,fh;char rx;rx=getchar(),ra=0,fh=1;while((rx<'0'||rx>'9')&&rx!='-')rx=getchar();if(rx=='-')fh=-1,rx=getchar();while(rx>='0'&&rx<='9')ra*=10,ra+=rx-48,rx=getchar();return ra*fh;}

const int N = 205;
set<int>s[N];
int n,m;

void dfs(int x)
{
    while(s[x].size())
    {
        int p = *s[x].begin();
        if(p!=n+1 && x!=n+1)
            cout<<x<<" "<<p<<endl;
        s[x].erase(p);
        s[p].erase(x);
        dfs(p);
    }
}




int main()
{
	//freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
	//freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
	//ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	//cin.tie(0);
	int t = read();
	while(t--)
    {
        n = read(), m = read();
        for(int i=1;i<=n+1;i++)
            s[i].clear();
        for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)
        {
            int u = read(), v = read();
            s[u].insert(v);
            s[v].insert(u);
        }
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            if(s[i].size()&1)
            {
                s[n+1].insert(i);
                s[i].insert(n+1);
            }
        }
        cout<<n - s[n+1].size()<<endl;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
            dfs(i);
    }
	return 0;
}