Rural reactive power compensation method of achieving

Rural reactive power compensation method of achieving

This chapter deals with the rural distribution network reactive power compensation methods of implementation, including reactive power compensation device and its realization method and reactive compensation point and determine the compensation capacity of the two areas. Rural distribution network is different from the urban distribution network, so the city can not use sophisticated distribution network to solve the reactive power compensation reactive power distribution network in rural areas the problem, to adopt the rural distribution network for reactive power compensation solutions. In this paper, reactive power loss optimization method to minimize the objective function.

Introduction of reactive power compensation equipment

Reactive power compensation devices have shunt capacitors, static compensator, adjust the camera over the same period, such as static synchronous compensator. Their role are issued when heavy duty inductive reactive power, load compensation required to reduce the transmission of these emotional as reactive power and voltage drop generated online way to improve load terminal voltage.

Shunt capacitor

Shunt capacitor with investment, the installation from natural conditions, simple operation, high reliability, user load side, should be the preferred installation of shunt capacitor compensation. Capacitor, including the Thyristor Switched shunt capacitor, can not adjust, only packet switching in order to change their supply of inductive reactive power. For the capacitor reactive power load change to adapt to frequent switching problem, the introduction of automatic switching technology, can make up some of its shortcomings. Hit areas in the harmonics should not be installed shunt capacitors.

Capacitor and adjust the camera compared to its advantages are: less investment, running economy; structure is simple and easy maintenance; capacity to choose; applicability. The drawback is: no continuous adjustment; load regulation characteristics of poor: the system of higher magnification of the harmonic, harmonic current is too large, may cause an explosion.

satacom

satacom is a shunt capacitor and shunt reactor composition, can be automatically switched capacitor, reactor group, adjust the reactive power with voltage regulation and reactive power load balancing features in this region. Its larger capacity, more investment is suitable for installation in areas with surge requirements substation, centralized compensation.

Capacitor installation location according to the classification

 method of reactive power compensation to achieve

Mainly used in power distribution in the parallel capacitors for reactive power compensation. Reactive power compensation are: SUBSTATION compensation, low concentration of compensation, 10KV rod Reactive Compensation and user terminals distributed compensation.

substation compensation

Transmission network for the reactive power balance, in the substation to concentrate compensation, compensation equipment, including capacitor, synchronous compensator, statcom, etc. The main objective is to improve the grid power factor and improve substation terminal voltage and the main compensation transformer reactive power loss. The compensation device normally connected to the substation 10VK bus, the Therefore it is easy to administer, easy maintenance and so, but this program on the distribution network for reducing losses played little. As the operating environment in the station better control is also more convenient, plus the main transformer capacity, a significant effect of reducing losses, so safety and economy are all better.Shortcomings of this approach is not compensated distribution lines and distribution transformer reactive power gap, and for rural power network, the share of the latter two has a larger reactive power loss, so simply install the power compensation device is not enough.

Low concentration of compensation

Centralized distribution transformer 380V side of the compensation, the role of compensation in all distribution transformers and reactive power distribution lines above vacancies, provide on-site load reactive power, effective reduction of reactive power flow, reduce IOKV lines and distribution transformers reactive power loss, ensure the load voltage compliance. At present, more commonly used domestic 380V side of distribution transformer centralized compensation, usually low-voltage shunt capacitors computer control cabinet with a capacity ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of lack. Load level based on user input corresponding fluctuations in the number of capacitors to track compensation. Dedicated transformer primary purpose is to improve the user's power factor,

Local balance of reactive power on distribution networks and distribution transformers have some effect on reducing losses,

Also help to ensure that the voltage level of the user. This method of compensation by the private investment and maintenance of transformer user. The domestic manufacturers of automatic compensation equipment is usually carried out under the power factor capacitor switching control, and also to ensure the voltage level of the user to control the voltage criterion. Although such programs help ensure the quality of the user's power, but the power system is not desirable. Although the main line voltage fluctuations caused by the change in the amount of reactive power, but the line voltage level is determined by the system case. When high or low line voltage reference when

Reactive power switching are likely to far from the actual demand, there was no compensation or less compensation merits and demerits. Actual use of dynamic reactive power distribution transformer 400V conditioning can be done to follow changes with varying load capacitance suitable compensation, which can be considered as a continuous adjustment in the distribution network is very suitable for the practical requirements. The advantages are:

(1) Run flexible. Compensation only consider the distribution transformer and its load of reactive size: line topology change and parameter change does not affect the capacity of compensation for each compensation device regulation.

(2) simply adjust the compensation amount, which can be considered as a continuous compensation for rural network is to adapt to the characteristics of a large difference between peak and valley load, be able to do tracking adjustment, the maximum compensation of reactive power and voltage to ensure user compliance.

(3) safe and reliable operation, and circuit protection with no runs and other issues: the general terms of the load power factor compensation to around 0.95, but added, do not send back reactive. At the same time because it is low-voltage operation, high reliability of the device itself, can do basic maintenance. Existing problems generally yes because the capacity of small distribution transformers, compensation unit not successful higher prices, obtained by accounting for the full year load change and daily load changes, select appropriate compensation capacity to invest in benefit optimum. And on the distribution system, in addition to special transformer, there are a number of common transformer.But for the majority of home users and other small users of the common transformer, because of its usually installed in outdoor bar racks, for low-voltage reactive power compensation is unrealistic: difficult to maintain, control and management, and easy to become a security risk production . Thus, the degree of compensation on the distribution network has been limited.

10Kv pole reactive power compensation

Reactive power compensation 10KV poles, that high-pressure side of the node 11 10KV high voltage line and transformer side, the installation of control devices and reactive power compensation capacitor, the role is reactive line compensation shortfall, reduce the 10KV line of active reactive power loss. Literature distribution system proposed for poles and the need for reactive power compensation methods. As the distribution network in the presence of many common low-voltage transformer no compensation, so the degree of compensation is limited. The resulting large reactive power gap needs to be filled by a substation or power plant. A large number of reactive power distribution network along the transmission loss is still so difficult under the highest.

Therefore, shunt capacitors can be used 10KV outdoor overhead lines installed in the towers (or otherwise frame bar), for reactive power compensation, power factor to improve the distribution network to achieve the objective of reducing losses of boost. As the rod away from the substation shunt capacitor installation, easy configuration prone to protect, control, high cost, maintenance of large, by the installation environment and space constraints the objective conditions of engineering problems. Therefore, 10KV pole compensation of reactive power optimization in engineering practice must be combined to carry out the following:

(1) compensation point should be few. In general, the more compensation for loss reduction more effective than a single point of compensation for the better, more cost of installation and maintenance of compensation with the compensation point quantity proportional to the increase and growth. Therefore, a distribution line should adopt the single point of compensation, compensation should not be used more.

(2) Control from simple. Pole compensation without division switching. Because packet switching need to configure the transformer, which will increase the amount of maintenance, increased investment and the capacitor life. In addition to distribution line outlet load side power factor control is not easy to achieve, but by the control voltage or time are reasonable. Of course, in order to avoid the compensated light load exerted by line voltage or the phenomenon of over compensation, compensation procedures should be set to maximum capacity constraints, in order to ensure that at light loads so without over-voltage and over-compensation of the system is achieved location and capacity compensation optimization.

(3) the compensation capacity should not be too large. Compensation would lead to too much capacity distribution lines in the light load of over-voltage and over-compensatory; other pole is limited, and too many capacitors with the poles, is neither safe nor conducive to heat capacitor. Proposed power supply node by overloading the power factor after compensation of not more than 0.95 and light load power factor can reach about 1.

(4) wiring should simple. Is best for each phase using only one capacitor unit, the compensation package of equipment to reduce the failure rate. For the harmonic content of the line as far as possible not to use a small series reactor in order to avoid over-voltage capacitor device and the reduction of reactive power of capacitor.

(5) protection methods should be simplified. Mainly fuse protection and zinc oxide were used as overcurrent protection and overvoltage protection.

(6) to prevent resonant capacitor installation produced phenomena.

(7) distribution transformers in parallel with the capacitor shall be erected or the nearest bar set up, so capacitor discharge circuit for the distribution transformer winding, or automatically after tripping in the line when re-closing rapidly on the distribution transformer discharge is conducive to safe operation of capacitor . Can even share the capacitor and high voltage switch electric distribution transformers, in order to save investment. As the current transformation of the rural distribution network to be the general lines long, thin diameter side, the line loss is relatively large, so speaking from the theoretical effect of significantly reducing losses, but also can effectively improve the main high-voltage node voltage, and the relative investment less. However, in practice,

This method of compensation to pay attention to the following five questions:

(1) The equipment, financial constraints can not be compensated high-pressure side of the compensation capacitance of continuous switching, not well adapted for rural power network load changes;

(2) approach is not flexible. Because compensation is often one or several branches of all the transformers and reactive power load gap of time in determining the compensation capacity of each transformer and the load to the actual operation for detailed investigation to ensure that the appropriate amount of compensation. Structural changes in the network load changes or re-calculation of compensation to the location and capacity, operating personnel need to safeguard against over-fill.

(3) The compensation capacity of large, relatively long switching time, changes in the load likely to cause sent back to the main transformer reactive power.

(4) to consider the switching of reactive power and line protection with the problem, especially in the line fault occurs. In addition to the attention to the phenomenon of harmonic amplification, as well as prevent the occurrence of resonance over-voltage problems.

(5) taking into account the above constraints, the practical application of compensation effect may be worse than the theoretical result of numerous and reliability have also been used a great impact, operation and maintenance of a relatively large workload. Obviously, 10KV poles reactive power compensation is mainly directed against 10KV feeders along the common transformer reactive power required to compensate for such compensation literature offered the most advantages and capacity of the algorithm. Because of its low investment, fast return, compensation efficient, easy to manage and maintain the advantages of low power factor for the long and heavily loaded distribution lines,

However, frequent load fluctuations due to the compensation fixed long-term compensation, it is their adaptive capacity of poor, mainly base-load reactive power compensation, in the line under heavy degree of compensation is not generally reach 0.95.

User terminal dispersion compensation

Present in our cities and towns, low substantial growth in power consumption, business, community and other factories, mines and huge demand for non-power directly to the reactive compensation Yonghumoduan will best reduce the power loss and maintain networks of voltage levels. ((Power Supply System Design Specification "(GB5O052 a 95) that have larger capacity, load and often use a smooth reactive power load of electrical equipment should separate compensation on the spot. Therefore, the enterprises and factories and mines in the motor, should be on the spot Reactive power compensation, which were compensated. for the load cell the user terminal is small, and volatile locations scattered, no management features, it should be

Development of a new low-voltage terminal reactive power compensation devices, and meet the following requirements: ① intelligent control, maintenance-free. ② small, easy to install. ③ functional, lower cost. Compared with the previous three kinds of compensation, the compensation will reflect more the following advantages: ① line loss rate can be reduced by 20%. ② reduce the voltage loss, improve voltage quality, thus improving the electrical equipment and running conditions. ③ energy delivery system to improve supply capacity lines. Drawback is due to low pressure of reactive power compensation is usually low-voltage side of distribution transformers in accordance with the maximum demand of reactive power to determine the installed capacity

While the low voltage distribution transformer load fluctuation caused by a large number of non-simultaneous capacitor load in less idle, capacity utilization is not high.

Whether by switching capacitor reactive power

 Compensation to achieve the classification method

The reactive compensation of shunt capacitor banks are divided into groups and non-switched capacitor can be switched capacitor group, so reactive power compensation can be divided into a fixed compensation and time-sharing, group, phase compensation, and reactive power compensation.

By not switching to fixed compensation capacitor

Previously, basically fixed compensation capacitor, capacitor capacity, and put into operation are fixed. Such cases, we need a systematic way to determine the minimum load compensation point and the compensation capacity, the capacity is relatively small. Reactive power compensation using fixed capacitor approach can improve the circuit's power factor, but if fixed by the largest gap of reactive power compensation, the load is reduced, will there have been compensation; if the vacancy in accordance with the minimum reactive power compensation, increase in load large there will be less compensation. Therefore, the biggest drawback of this compensation is high in the midnight-voltage capacitor can not be eliminated, the formation of reactive power surplus .Back to the line reactive power, voltage regulation on the grid cause difficulties, and the capacitor may occur near resonance transformer, grid security threat. And fixed compensation does not reduce the voltage fluctuation range, only to provide operating voltage level, voltage level has been high for some rural electricity distribution network will lead to quality changes. Compensation is less fixed cost, the device features a simple, one of China's rural power grid commonly used method of reactive power compensation. However, the flexibility of fixed compensation is too low, have not really suitable for rapid development and change are the rural power grid. Fixed compensation for changes in load

Network of small, reactive power can be used for base-load compensation.

Switchable capacitor used to group switching

Now, automatic control technology, makes the capacitor automatic switch device is very mature and able to do by voltage level and reactive power demand changes in groups, time-sharing, sub-congenial cut, and maintenance-free, basically solved the shortcomings of the fixed compensation . Regardless of load on seasonal or volatile load on the capacitor switching device can automatically provide effective reactive compensation capacity. However, the investment capacitor automatic switch device and a fixed capacitor compensation equipment investment, compared to four times normal. However, the rural power grid renovation project under way, can solve the question of costs, benefits and return on investment through the node. Therefore,Transformation of power distribution network in the time to select the best capacitors and reactive power automatic switch device.

Recommended program one to one to a fixed-based   

compensation, group compensation supplement

Reactive current compensation Rural basic situation is: 10KV feeders installed shunt capacitors, generally use a fixed compensation, capacitor switching capacity and is fixed; in the few installation of low voltage side of distribution transformer reactive power compensation . Characterized by the rural power grid points is wide, long lines, equipment use low power consumption period of, seasonal, day and night, a large load change. Based on the above basic knowledge of economic and technical point of view, of the Rural lines reactive compensation should adopt the fixed-based compensation, group compensation supplement compensation. Using the fixed compensation is not owed compensation is excessive compensation.Compensation can not achieve the desired effect, can be part of the use of group compensation, so that capacity can be compensated with the load change, so that the power factor standards. From an economic point of view, large investment group compensation device, does not meet the requirements of cost savings. Therefore, the main fixed compensation, group compensation supplement the compensation, not only to provide effective pressure-lowering effects of loss, but also has some economic. Integrated Rural Power Distribution Transformer, widespread "big horse cart" and valley load differential bee phenomenon, nearly empty when the load low. Taking into account the distribution transformer in light load or no load when the load of the main reactive is the excitation transformer no-load reactive power, should take a fixed compensation, full compensation for distribution transformer no-load reactive power consumption to determine the capacity of fixed compensation. But in general the maximum load or load mode, or there is a big gap without power, so the need for reactive power compensation group. Reactive load changes according to packet switched capacitor to meet the power factor, "power system voltage and reactive power management regulations)) and the requirements of the compensation, however. Rural areas in many parts of China the average power factor is low, there is the potential to reduce line losses. The calculated use of such compensation compensation compensation effect can be better achieved significant economic benefits.