记录复数类:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
class CComplex
{
public:
CComplex(T r=T(), T i=T()):mreal(r),mimage(i){}
private:
T mreal;
T mimage;
//声明友元时,生成一对一的友元
friend CComplex<T> operator+<T>(const CComplex<T> &lhs,
const CComplex<T> &rhs);
friend ostream& operator<<<T>(ostream &out,
const CComplex<T> &src);
};
template<typename T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,
const CComplex<T> &src)
{
out<<src.mreal<<" "<<src.mimage;
return out;
}
template<typename T>
CComplex<T> operator+ (const CComplex<T> &lhs,
const CComplex<T> &rhs)
{
return CComplex<T>(lhs.mreal+rhs.mreal,lhs.mimage+rhs.mimage);
}
int main()
{
CComplex<int> comp1(10, 10);
CComplex<int> comp2(20, 20);
CComplex<int> comp3 = comp1+comp2;
comp3 = comp1 + 10;
comp3 = 10 + comp1;
cout<<comp3<<endl;
return 0;
}
main 函数中第四行和第五行是错误的,编译通不过,那是因为我们写的函数模板operator+只能接受两个实例化的对象,因为模板可以进行实参推演。而第四行和第五行的10,是推演不出来,所以会报错。
那怎样解决呢?可以提供一个operator+模板特例化int型的函数。
以下是完整代码:
加注释就是修改过的
template <typename T>
class CComplex
{
public:
CComplex(T r=T(), T i=T()):mreal(r),mimage(i){}
private:
T mreal;
T mimage;
//声明友元时,生成一对一的友元
friend CComplex<T> operator+<T>(const CComplex<T> &lhs,
const CComplex<T> &rhs);
friend ostream& operator<<<T>(ostream &out,
const CComplex<T> &src);
friend CComplex<int>operator+ (const CComplex<int> &lhs,
const CComplex<int> &rhs); //因为函数访问了类的私有成员,所以要声明为友元函数
};
template<typename T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const CComplex<T> &src)
{
out<<src.mreal<<" "<<src.mimage;
return out;
}
template<typename T>
CComplex<T> operator+ (const CComplex<T> &lhs,const CComplex<T> &rhs)
{
return CComplex<T>(lhs.mreal+rhs.mreal,lhs.mimage+rhs.mimage);
}
CComplex<int> operator+ (const CComplex<int> &lhs,const CComplex<int> &rhs)//模板的特例化
{
return CComplex<int>(lhs.mreal+rhs.mreal,lhs.mimage+rhs.mimage);
}
int main()
{
CComplex<int> comp1(10, 10);
CComplex<int> comp2(20, 20);
CComplex<int> comp3 = comp1+comp2;
comp3 = comp1 + 10;
comp3 = 10 + comp1;
cout<<comp3<<endl;
return 0;
}
提供一个特例化就可以解决,main函数第四行和第五行就会调用特例化的那个operator+函数,会隐式构造一个实部是10的对象,然后相加。最后结果comp3的结果就是实部为20,虚部为10.