Httpclient和RestTemplate的使用

RestTemplate是spring特有的，在spring项目中直接注入使用即可，HttpClient是 Apache Jakarta Common的。

一、HttpClient

1.1使用

第一步：添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>

第二步：创建HttpClient类的对象

有两种方式：
HttpClients和HttpClientBuilder这两种方式
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 上面两种是一样的，都是i使用默认的配置，下面你这种是使用自己设置配置
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy()).build();

第三步：根据不同restful风格的请求，来调用不同的方法

1. 创建http GET请求
 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.oschina.net/");

2. 创建http GET请求 带有参数的
  URI uri = new URIBuilder("http://www.baidu.com/s").setParameter("wd", "数据库").build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

3. 创建post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/");

4. 创建post请求 带有参数的

例子：

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/search");

// 设置2个post参数，一个是scope、一个是q
List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("scope", "project"));
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("q", "java"));
// 构造一个form表单式的实体
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters);
// 将请求实体设置到httpPost对象中
httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);

第四步：httpclient对象发送请求对象

CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(请求对象);

比如：
 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);

第五步：关闭资源
在finally
response.close();
httpclient.close();

拓展：返回in类型的响应码
response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()

1.2封装通用工具类HttpClientUtils

package org.chu.ego.base.utils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.LaxRedirectStrategy;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* --发送get请求的api
* CloseableHttpClient类 ，client实现类
* HttpClients类 ，client工具类，用于创建客户端对象。
* CloseableHttpResponse接口，请求的响应对象
* URIBuilder类 ：url构建类，用于设置get请求的路径变量
* HttpGet类 ：get请求的发送对象
* EntityUtils类 实体处理类
* 
* --发送post 请求使用的api
* CloseableHttpClient类
* HttpClientBuilder client构建对象，用于创建客户端对象。
* LaxRedirectStrategy类，post请求重定向的策略
* CloseableHttpResponse 请求的响应对象
* HttpPost post请求的发送对象
* NameValuePair 类，用于设置参数值
* UrlEncodedFormEntity：用于设置表单参数给发送对象HttpPost
* 
* @author ranger
*
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {

public static String doGet(String url,Map<String, String> params){
       
       //获取httpclient客户端
       CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
       
       String resultString = "";
       
       CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
       
       try {
           URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
           
           if(null!=params){
               for (String key:params.keySet()) {
                   builder.setParameter(key, params.get(key));
               }
           }
           
           HttpGet get = new HttpGet(builder.build());
           
           
           response = httpclient.execute(get);
           
           System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
           
           if(200==response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()){
               HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
               resultString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
           }
           
       } catch (Exception e) {
           
           e.printStackTrace();
       } finally {
           if(null!=response){
               try {
                   response.close();
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }
           if(null!=httpclient){
               try {
                   httpclient.close();
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }
       }
       
       return resultString;
   }
   
   public static String doGet(String url){
       return doGet(url, null);
   }
   
   public static String doPost(String url,Map<String,String> params){
       /**
        * 在4.0及以上httpclient版本中，post需要指定重定向的策略，如果不指定则按默认的重定向策略。
        * 
        * 获取httpclient客户端
        */
       CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setRedirectStrategy( new LaxRedirectStrategy()).build();
       
       String resultString = "";
       
       CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
       
       try {
           
           
           HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
           
           List<NameValuePair> paramaters = new ArrayList<>();
           
           if(null!=params){
               for (String key : params.keySet()) {
                   paramaters.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key,params.get(key)));
               }
               
               UrlEncodedFormEntity  formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity (paramaters);
               
               post.setEntity(formEntity);
           }
           
           
           /**
            * HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
            *   原因：
            *      有些网站，设置了反爬虫机制
            *   解决的办法：
            *      设置请求头，伪装浏览器
            */
           post.addHeader("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36");
           
           response = httpclient.execute(post);
           
           System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
           
           if(200==response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()){
               HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
               resultString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
           }
           
       } catch (Exception e) {
           
           e.printStackTrace();
       } finally {
           if(null!=response){
               try {
                   response.close();
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }
           if(null!=httpclient){
               try {
                   httpclient.close();
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }
       }
       
       return resultString;
   }
   
   public static String doPost(String url){
       return doPost(url, null);
   }

}

二、RestTemplate

先自定义一个bean

package com.zykj.newsell.config;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    // @Bean
    // public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
    //     return new RestTemplate(factory);
    // }
    //
    // @Bean
    // public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
    //     SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
    //     factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
    //     factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
    //     return factory;
    // }

    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory httpRequestFactory() {
        return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient());
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate(httpRequestFactory());
    }

    @Bean
    public HttpClient httpClient() {
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                .register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                .build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(3000);
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(1000);

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();

        return HttpClientBuilder.create()
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                .build();
    }

}

使用的时候直接注入,前提是这个使用者交给了ioc容器管理（类似@Component）

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Authorization", "Bearer");
HttpEntity entity = new HttpEntity(body.toString() , headers);
ResponseEntity<Object> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://a1/users/{username}/password", entity, null, username);
return responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue() == 200;

RestTemplate旗下有很多方法，可以查看这[RestTemplate]RestTemplate