HttpServletResponse的应用
1、HttpServletResponse简介
•WEB服务器回送给WEB客户端的HTTP响应消息分为三个部分:
状态行
响应消息头
消息正文(也叫实体内容)
•Servlet API中定义的ServletResponse接口类用于创建响应消息。
•HttpServletResponse是专用于HTTP协议的ServletResponse子接口,它用于封
装HTTP响应消息。
•HttpServletResponse定义了一系列用于描述各种HTTP状态码的常量。
•在service()方法内部调用HttpServletResponse对象的各种方法来创建响应消息。
•HTTP响应消息的响应状态行包括HTTP版本、状态代码和一条相关的提示信息:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
•HttpServletResponse中定义了若干与状态码数值对应的常量,每个常量的名称以
前缀SC(Status Code的简写)开头,然后是状态码在HTTP 1.1规范中所表示的状态
信息的英文单词的组合,每个单词之间用下划线连接,且所有字母都大写。
状态码404 对应的常量为HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND
•setStatus方法用于设置HTTP响应消息的状态码,并生成响应状态行。
•sendError方法用于发送表示错误信息的状态码(一般是404,找不到客户机所请求
的资源)到客户端,并清除缓冲区中的内容。
3、构建响应消息头
•addHeader与setHeader方法
•addIntHeader与setIntHeader方法
•addDateHeader与setDateHeader方法
•setContentLength方法
•setContentType方法
•setCharacterEncoding方法
•setLocale方法
<locale-encoding-mapping-list>
<locale-encoding-mapping>
<locale>zh_CN</locale>
<encoding>GB2312</encoding>
</locale-encoding-mapping>
</locale-encoding-mapping-list>
•containsHeader方法
4、Servlet的中文输出问题
•浏览器接收到的中文字符并不是中文符号本身,而是它的某种字符集编码的数据。
•浏览器必须使用正确的字符集编码进行查看,才能将它所接收到的数据显示为正
确的中文字符。
•当Servlet程序仅仅需要输出纯文本格式的响应正文时,通常应调
用ServletResponse对象的getWriter方法返回一个PrintWriter对象,然后使用这
个PrintWriter对象将文本内容写入到客户端。
•Java程序中的字符文本在内存中是以unicode编码的形式存在的,PrintWriter对
象在输出字符文本时,需要先将它们转换成其他某种字符集编码的字节数组后输出。
•ServletResponse对象的getWriter方法返回的PrintWriter对象默认使用ISO-
8859-1字符集编码进行Unicode字符串到字节数组的转换,由于ISO-8859-1字符集中
根本就没有中文字符,Unicode编码的中文字符将被转换成无效的字符编码后输出给
客户端。
•ServletResponse接口中定义
了setCharacterEncoding、setContentType和setLocale等方法来指
定ServletResponse.getWriter方法返回的PrintWriter对象所使用的字符集编码。
•调用ServletResponse接口中定义的setContentType方法,在HTTP响应消息
的Content-Type头字段中指定响应正文的字符集编码。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Locale;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class RefreshServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public RefreshServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
/**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to
* post.
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//第一种
//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//第二种
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Locale;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class RefreshServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public RefreshServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
/**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to
* post.
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//第一种
//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//第二种
//response.setLocale(new Locale("zh","CN"));//p第三种
response.setIntHeader("Refresh", 3);
response.getWriter().print(new java.util.Date());
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
response.setIntHeader("Refresh", 3);
response.getWriter().print(new java.util.Date());
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
5、让浏览器定时刷新网页
•HTTP协议中定义了一个Refresh头字段,用于告诉浏览器过多少秒后自动刷新页面。
•在Refresh头字段的时间设置值后面还可以用分号(;)分隔后,再指定一个URL地址,这将让浏览器在指定的时间值后自动去访问该URL地址指向的资源。
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");/
response.setIntHeader("Refresh", 3);
response.getWriter().print(new java.util.Date());
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");/
response.setIntHeader("Refresh", 3);
response.getWriter().print(new java.util.Date());
}
6、禁止浏览器缓存当前文档内容
•response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);
•response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
•response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");