1.公平锁,非公平锁
公平锁:非常公平,不可以插队,必须先来后到!
非公平锁:非常不公平,可以插队(默认都是非公平的)
public ReentrantLock() {
sync = new NonfairSync();
}
2.可重入锁(递归锁)
相当于你拿到了你家大门的锁,你就可以进你家卧室门的锁。
Synchronized
package com.liao.testlock;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone phone = new Phone();
new Thread(()->{
phone.sms();
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
phone.sms();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone{
public synchronized void sms(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"sms");
call();
}
public synchronized void call(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"call");
}
}
Lock
package com.liao.testlock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();
new Thread(()->{
phone2.sms();
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
phone2.sms();
},"B").start();
}
}
class Phone2{
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void sms(){
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"sms");
call();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void call(){
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"call");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
细节问题:lock锁必须配对使用,否则就会死锁
自旋锁do…while
自己写一个锁:
package com.liao.testlock;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
//自旋锁
public class SpinLockDemo {
//加锁
AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
public void myLock() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->mylock");
while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null, thread)) {
}
}
//解锁
public void myUnLock() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->myUnlock");
while (atomicReference.compareAndSet(thread, null)) {
}
}
}
测试:
package com.liao.testlock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class TestSpinLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
SpinLockDemo lock = new SpinLockDemo();
new Thread(()->{
lock.myLock();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.myUnLock();
}
},"A----->").start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
new Thread(()->{
lock.myLock();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.myUnLock();
}
},"B----->").start();
}
}
A====>--->mylock
B=====>--->mylock
A====>--->myUnlock
B=====>--->myUnlock
死锁
死锁产生的4个必要条件
1、互斥: 某种资源一次只允许一个进程访问,即该资源一旦分配给某个进程,其他进程就不能再访问,直到该进程访问结束。
2、占有且等待: 一个进程本身占有资源(一种或多种),同时还有资源未得到满足,正在等待其他进程释放该资源。
3、不可抢占: 别人已经占有了某项资源,你不能因为自己也需要该资源,就去把别人的资源抢过来。
4、循环等待: 存在一个进程链,使得每个进程都占有下一个进程所需的至少一种资源。
当以上四个条件均满足,必然会造成死锁,发生死锁的进程无法进行下去,它们所持有的资源也无法释放。这样会导致CPU的吞吐量下降。所以死锁情况是会浪费系统资源和影响计算机的使用性能的。那么,解决死锁问题就是相当有必要的了。
package com.liao.testlock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DeadLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String lockA = "locka";
String lockB = "lockb";
new MyThread(lockA,lockB);
new Thread(new MyThread(lockA,lockB),"T1").start();
new Thread(new MyThread(lockB,lockA),"T2").start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
private String lockA;
private String lockB;
public MyThread(String lockA, String lockB) {
this.lockA = lockA;
this.lockB = lockB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"lock:"+lockA+"==>get"+lockB);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lockB){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"lock:"+lockB+"==>get"+lockA);
}
}
}
}
解决办法
package com.liao.testlock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DeadLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String lockA = "locka";
String lockB = "lockb";
new MyThread(lockA,lockB);
new Thread(new MyThread(lockA,lockB),"T1").start();
new Thread(new MyThread(lockB,lockA),"T2").start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
private String lockA;
private String lockB;
public MyThread(String lockA, String lockB) {
this.lockA = lockA;
this.lockB = lockB;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"lock:"+lockA+"==>get"+lockB);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lockB){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"lock:"+lockB+"==>get"+lockA);
}
}
}
}
1.使用jps -l
定位进程号
2.使用jstack 过程号
找到死锁问题