Python Learning——第四天

Bitwise操作：

<span style="font-size:18px;">print 5 >> 4  # Right Shift
print 5 << 1  # Left Shift
print 8 & 5   # Bitwise AND
print 9 | 4   # Bitwise OR
print 12 ^ 42 # Bitwise XOR
print ~88     # Bitwise NOT</span>

二进制数：

print 0b1,    #1
print 0b10,   #2
print 0b11,   #3
print 0b100,  #4
print 0b101,  #5
print 0b110,  #6
print 0b111   #7
print "******"
print 0b1 + 0b11
print 0b11 * 0b11

——bin()返回一个数字的二进制数；oct(),hex()返回8进制和16进制

——int("10",2)的第二个参数可以规定进制

——>>,<<右移，左移，相当于乘除2

&——按位与操作

|——按位或操作

^——XOR操作(异或)

pass

——不做任何事情，跳过Python认为应该有语句的地方

类：

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self,name):#self相当于c中的this，如果函数不接受任何参数，也需包含self
        self.name=name
zebra =Animal("Jeffrey")
print zabra.name

class ShoppingCart(object):#必须包含object
    """Creates shopping cart objects
    for users of our fine website."""
    items_in_cart = {}
    def __init__(self, customer_name):
        self.customer_name = customer_name

    def add_item(self, product, price):
        """Add product to the cart."""
        if not product in self.items_in_cart:
            self.items_in_cart[product] = price
            print product + " added."
        else:
            print product + " is already in the cart."

    def remove_item(self, product):
        """Remove product from the cart."""
        if product in self.items_in_cart:
            del self.items_in_cart[product]
            print product + " removed."
        else:
            print product + " is not in the cart."
my_cart=ShoppingCart('Moon')
my_cart.add_item('min',0)

类的继承：

class Customer(object):
    """Produces objects that represent customers."""
    def __init__(self, customer_id):
        self.customer_id = customer_id

    def display_cart(self):
        print "I'm a string that stands in for the contents of your shopping cart!"

class ReturningCustomer(Customer):
    """For customers of the repeat variety."""
    def display_order_history(self):
        print "I'm a string that stands in for your order history!"

monty_python = ReturningCustomer("ID: 12345")
monty_python.display_cart()
monty_python.display_order_history()

类方法重写（略）

子类调用父类方法（无论重写与否）

class Derived(Base):
   def m(self):
       return super(Derived, self).m()

class Employee(object):
    """Models real-life employees!"""
    def __init__(self, employee_name):
        self.employee_name = employee_name

    def calculate_wage(self, hours):
        self.hours = hours
        return hours * 20.00

# Add your code below!
class PartTimeEmployee(Employee):
    def calculate_wage(self, hours):#此时也有<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">__init__()从父类继承，如果没有定义，系统会自己定义一个默认的</span>
        self.hours = hours
        return hours * 12.00
    def full_time_wage (self, hours):
        return super(PartTimeEmployee,self).calculate_wage(hours)
milton=PartTimeEmployee ("Min")#定义时候需要一个self关键词，类定义为你自动添加
print milton.full_time_wage (10)

重新定义类打印格式：

class Point3D(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z):
        self.x=x
        self.y=y
        self.z=z
    def __repr__(self):<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>#重新定义print格式
        return "(%d, %d, %d)" % (self.x, self.y, self.z)
my_point=Point3D(1,2,3)
print my_point<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>#（1,2,3）

向文件输出：

my_list = [i**2 for i in range(1,11)]
# Generates a list of squares of the numbers 1 - 10

f = open("output.txt", "w")<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>#"w"是打开方式写，"r+"是读加写

for item in my_list:
    f.write(str(item) + "\n")

f.close()

读操作：

my_file =open("output.txt",'r')
print my_file.read()
my_file.close()

.readline()——按行读取

# Open the file for reading
read_file = open("text.txt", "r")

# Use a second file handler to open the file for writing
write_file = open("text.txt", "w")
# Write to the file
write_file.write("Not closing files is VERY BAD.")

write_file.close()

# Try to read from the file
print read_file.read()
read_file.close()

with open("text.txt", "w") as textfile:
	textfile.write("Success!")<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>#不需要close（），with。。as。。会做这些

文件有close成员变量来记录是否关闭，不同于close()函数