C++多线程编程信号量-五

C++多线程编程信号量

用信号量实现的线程安全队列。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h> 
//多线程头文件，可移植众多平台, pthread头文件和库需要自己下载，
//下载地址    https://sourceware.org/pthreads-win32/#download
//进入下载网站找到相应的 .exe下载即可，各种版本均可
#define BOUNDARY 5 //定义边界
int tasks = 10;  //任务量

pthread_mutex_t tasks_mutex; //互斥锁
//条件信号变量，处理两个线程间的条件关系，当task > 5， hello2 处理，
//直到 task 减为 0
pthread_cond_t tasks_cond; 

using namespace std;
//信号量的实现
//信号量是线程同步的另一种实现机制，信号量的操作有 signal和 wait，
//本例采用条件信号量pthread_cond_t 
//信号量的实现也要给予锁机制

class hhh
{
public:
    //如何在线程函数中传入参数
    static void * sayHello2( void * args)
    {
        //获取当前线程 id
        pthread_t pid = pthread_self();
        std::cout<<"[ "<< "pid" <<"] hello in thread  "<<*((int *)args)<<endl;
        bool is_signaled = false; //sign
        while (true)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&tasks_mutex);//加锁
            if (tasks > BOUNDARY)
            {
                std::cout<<"[" << "pid" << "] take task:  " << tasks<<"   in thread   "<<*((int *)args)<<endl;
                --tasks; //modify
            }
            else if ( !is_signaled)
            {
                std::cout<<"[" << "pid" <<"]  pthread_cond_signal in thread  "<<*((int *)args)<<endl;
                pthread_cond_signal(&tasks_cond); //signal:向hello1发送信号，表明已经 > 5
                is_signaled = true; //表明信号已发送，退出此线程
            }
            //解锁
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&tasks_mutex);
            if (tasks == 0)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }

    static void * say_hello1(void * args)
    {
        //获取当前线程id
        pthread_t pid = pthread_self();
        std::cout<<"["<<"pid"<<"] hello in thread "<< *((int *)args) <<endl;

        while (true)
        {
            //加锁
            pthread_mutex_lock(&tasks_mutex);
            if (tasks > BOUNDARY)
            {
                std::cout<<"[" <<"pid"<<"] pthread_cond_signal in thread"<< *((int *)args) <<endl;
                //wait：等待信号量失效，接收到信号，向hello2发出信号，跳出wait，执行后续
                pthread_cond_wait(&tasks_cond, &tasks_mutex);
            }else
            {
                 std::cout<<"["<<"pid"<<"] take task : " <<tasks << "in thread"<< *((int *)args) <<endl;
                 --tasks;
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&tasks_mutex);
        if (tasks == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        }
        //解锁
        return NULL;
    }

};


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    //线程属性结构体，创建线程时加入的参数
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    //初始化
    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    //设置想要指定线程属性参数，这个参数表明这个线程是jion连接的，join功能表示主线程可以等线程
    //结束后再去做某事，实现了主程序和线程同步功能
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
    //初始化条件信号量
    pthread_cond_init(&tasks_cond, NULL);
     //初始化互斥量
    pthread_mutex_init(&tasks_mutex, NULL);
    //保存两个线程id
    pthread_t tid1, tid2;
    int index1 = 1;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid1, &attr, hhh::say_hello1, (void *)&index1);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        std::cout<<"pthread_create error  "<<ret<<endl;
    }

    int index2 = 2;
    ret = pthread_create(&tid2, &attr, hhh::sayHello2, (void *)&index2);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        std::cout<<"pthread_create  error "<< ret <<endl;
    }
    //连接两个线程
    pthread_join(tid1, NULL);
    pthread_join(tid2, NULL);
    //释放内存
    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    //注销锁
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&tasks_mutex);
    //退出
    pthread_cond_destroy(&tasks_cond);

    return 0;
}

运行如下

再次运行

//测试结果：
//先在线程2中执行say_hello2，再跳转到线程1中执行say_hello1,知道tasks减到0为止