centos7下通过yum安装postgresql12数据库

**假设系统环境初始化安装（zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel
sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel libffi-devel gcc make python-devel postgresql-devel）均已完成（通过yum逐一安装）**

centos版本：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

安装步骤：
```
# 安装postgresql服务
1. sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
2. sudo yum install -y postgresql12-server

# 创建数据保存目录并修改权限
1. mkdir /data
2. chown postgres:postgres /data
3. chmod -R 700 /data

# 切换到postgres用户初始化数据库
1. su - postgres # 如果提示无此用户需创建
2. /usr/pgsql-12/bin/initdb -D /data/
```
修改配置文件
```
1. cd /data/
2. vim pg_hba.conf
"""修改start"""
# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix d