RestTemplate技术-访问http请求-OkHttp

一、认识RestTemplate

        RestTemplate 是 Spring 提供的用于访问 RESTful 服务的客户端， RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程 Http 服务 的方法, 能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。 RestTemplate 默认依赖 JDK 提供 http 连接的能力 （HttpURLConnection ），也可以通过替换为例如 Apache HttpComponents 、 Netty 或 OkHttp 等其它 HTTP 客户端，目前OkHttp 的性能最优越。 官网： https://square.github.io/okhttp/ ， github ： https://github.com/square/okhttp

二、集成RestTemplate

1、添加依赖

<!‐‐ okhttp3依赖 ‐‐>
<dependency> 
    <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
    <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
    <version>3.9.1</version>
</dependency>

 2、RestTemplate初始化

package com.ruoyi.framework.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory());
        //得到消息转换器
        List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
        //指定StringHttpMessageConverter消息转换器的字符集为utf-8中文编码
        messageConverters.set(1,new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        //设置支持的媒体类型 json/text
        MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
        mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.setSupportedMediaTypes(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));
        // 添加MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter转换器
        restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter);
        return  restTemplate;
    }

    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setReadTimeout(600_000);//单位为ms
        factory.setConnectTimeout(60_000);//单位为ms
        return factory;
    }
}

注意：当RestTemplate默认使用String存储body内容时默认使用ISO_8859_1字符集。必须配置StringHttpMessageConverter 消息转换器，使用utf-8字符集，要不然中文乱码。

三、测试

一、使用RestTemplate获取百度的网页内容和短信测试

package com.***.merchant;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author xiyuan
 * @version 1.0
 **/
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Slf4j
public class RestTemplateTest {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    //测试使用restTemplate作为http的客户端向http服务端发起请求
    @Test
    public void gethtml(){
        String url = "http://www.baidu.com/";
        //向url发送http请求，得到响应结果
        ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);
        String body = forEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println(body);

    }

    //向验证码服务发送请求，获取验证码
    //http://localhost:56085/sailing/generate?effectiveTime=600&name=sms
    @Test
    public void getSmsCode(){
        String url = "http://localhost:56085/sailing/generate?effectiveTime=600&name=sms";

        //请求体
        Map<String,Object> body = new HashMap<>();
        body.put("mobile","133456");
        //请求头
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders =new HttpHeaders();
        //指定Content-Type: application/json
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        //请求信息,传入body，header
        HttpEntity httpEntity = new HttpEntity(body,httpHeaders);
        //向url请求
        ResponseEntity<Map> exchange = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, Map.class);

        log.info("请求验证码服务，得到响应:{}", JSON.toJSONString(exchange));
        Map bodyMap = exchange.getBody();
        System.out.println(bodyMap);
        Map result = (Map) bodyMap.get("result");
        String key = (String) result.get("key");
        System.out.println(key);
    }
}

二、获取企业微信 AccessToken

具体示例见：企业微信授权获取access_token

@Component
@Slf4j
public class QiYeWeChatUtil {

    /**
     * 缓存企业微信accessToken
     */
    public static final String QY_WX_TOKEN_kEY = "qy_wx_token:";

    @Autowired
    private QyWxConfig qyWxConfig;

    @Resource
    private RestService restService;

    @Autowired
    private RedisCache redisCache;


    /**
     * 获取企业微信 AccessToken
     *
     * @return
     */
    public String getAccessToken() {

        if (!redisCache.hasKey(QY_WX_TOKEN_kEY)) {
            //请求头
            HttpHeaders header = new HttpHeaders();
            header.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

            //请求信息,传入header
            HttpEntity<Map<String, String>> formEntity = new HttpEntity<>(header);
            StringBuilder urlBuilder = new StringBuilder(企业微信tUrl());
            urlBuilder.append("?").append("corpid=").append(企业微信Corpid());
            urlBuilder.append("&").append("corpsecret=").append(企业微信tCorpsecret());

            try {
                ResponseEntity<Map> entity = restService.getForEntity(urlBuilder.toString(), formEntity, Map.class);

                log.info("请求企业微信，得到响应:{}", entity);
                Map body = entity.getBody();
                String accessToken = (String) body.get("access_token");
                Integer expires_in = (Integer) body.get("expires_in");
                redisCache.setCacheObject(QY_WX_TOKEN_kEY,accessToken, 7200, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                log.info("请求企业微信，获取accessToken成功有效时间为:{}", expires_in + "分钟");
                return accessToken;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("获取token失败：{}", e);
            }
        }
        log.info("从Redis缓存中获取的accessToken");
        return redisCache.getCacheObject(QY_WX_TOKEN_kEY);
    }
}