一、Scanner对象
package com.sun.scanner;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个扫描器对象,用于接收键盘数据
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("使用next方式接收:");//程序会等待用户输入完毕
//判断用户有没有输入字符串
if(scanner.hasNext()){
//使用next方式接收
String str = scanner.next();
System.out.println("输出的内容为:"+str);
}
//凡是属于IO流的类如果不关闭会一直占用资源,要养成好习惯用完就关掉
scanner.close();
}
}
package com.sun.scanner;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//从键盘接收数据
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("使用nextLine方式接收:");
//判断用户有没有输入字符串
if(scanner.hasNextLine()){
//使用nextLine方式接收
String str =scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("输出的内容为:"+str);
}
//凡是属于IO流的类如果不关闭会一直占用资源,要养成好习惯用完就关掉
scanner.close();
}
}
package com.sun.scanner;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
//从键盘接收数据
int i = 0;
float f = 0.0f;
System.out.println("请输入整数:");
//如果...那么
if(scanner.hasNextInt()){
i = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("整数数据:"+i);
}else {
System.out.println("输入的不是整数的数据!");
}
System.out.println("请输入小数:");
//如果...那么
if(scanner.hasNextFloat()){
f = scanner.nextFloat();
System.out.println("小数数据:"+f);
}else {
System.out.println("输入的不是小数的数据!");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
二、顺序结构
顺序结构是任何一个算法都离不开的一种基本算法结构
三、选择结构
1.if单选择结构
if(布尔表达式){
//如果为true将执行的语句
}
package com.sun.struct;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ifDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入内容:");
String s = scanner.nextLine();
//equals:判断字符串是否相等
if (s.equals("Hello")){
System.out.println(s);
}
System.out.println("End");
scanner.close();
}
}
2.if双选择结构
package com.sun.struct;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ifDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//公司收购一个软件,成功了给人家一百万,失败了自己找人开发
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("是否收购成功:");
String acquisition = scanner.nextLine();
if(acquisition.equals("成功")){
System.out.println("收购成功了,需要支付给人家一百万");
}else{
System.out.println("收购失败,需要自己找人开发了");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
3.if多选择结构
package com.sun.struct;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.SortedMap;
public class ifDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
//考试分数100是满分,小于100大于80分优秀,小于80大于60及格,低于60是不及格
System.out.println("请输入成绩:");
int score = scanner.nextInt();
if(score==100){
System.out.println("恭喜获得满分,成绩等级为A+");
}else if (score>=90 && score<100){
System.out.println("成绩等级为A");
}else if (score>=80 && score<90){
System.out.println("成绩等级为B");
}else if (score>=60 && score<80){
System.out.println("成绩等级为C");
}else if (score>=0 && score<60){
System.out.println("成绩等级为D,未及格!");
}else{
System.out.println("输入的成绩不合法");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
4.嵌套的if结构
5.switch多选择结构
package com.sun.struct;
public class SwitchDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//case穿透
char grade ='A';
switch (grade){
case'A':
System.out.println("优秀");
break;//可选
case'B':
System.out.println("良好");
break;
case'C':
System.out.println("及格");
break;
case'D':
System.out.println("再接再厉");
break;
case'E':
System.out.println("挂科!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("未知等级");
}
}
}
Switch可以支持字符串了
package com.sun.struct;
public class SwitchDenmo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String name = "学··";
switch (name){
case"学代码":
System.out.println("学代码");
break;
case"学习":
System.out.println("学习");
break;
default:
System.out.println("干啥呢?");
}
}
}
6.while循环(先判断后执行,不满足条件一次都不执行)
while(布尔表达式){
//循环内容
}
- 只要表达式为true,循环就会一直执行下去
- 我们大多数情况下是会让循环停止下来的,我们需要一个让表达式失效的方式来结束循环
package com.sun.struct;
public class WhileDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//计算1+2+3+...+100=?
int i = 0;
int sum = 0;
while (i<=100){
sum = sum + i;
i++;
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
7.do while 循环(即使不满足条件,也至少执行一次)
先执行,后判断
do{
//代码语句
}while(布尔表达式)
package com.sun.struct;
public class DoWhileDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 0;
int sum = 0 ;
do {
sum = sum + i;
i ++;
}while(i<=100);
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
package com.sun.struct;
public class DowhileDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 0;
while (a<0){
System.out.println(a);
a++;
}
System.out.println("==========================");
do {
System.out.println(a);
a++;
}while (a<0);
}
}
8.for循环
for(初始化;布尔表达式;更新){
//代码语句
}
- for循环是支持迭代的一种通用结构,是最有效,最灵活的循环结构
package com.sun.struct;
public class ForDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 1;//初始化条件
while (a <= 100){//条件判断
System.out.println(a);//循环体
a+=2;//迭代
}
System.out.println("while循环结束!");
//初始化//条件判断//迭代
for (int i = 1;i <=100 ; i++){
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println("for循环结束!");
}
}
package com.sun.struct;
public class ForDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//计算0到100之间奇数和偶数的和
int oddsum = 0;
int evensum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
if (i%2!=0){
oddsum+=i;
}else {
evensum+=i;
}
}
System.out.println(oddsum);
System.out.println(evensum);
}
}
package com.sun.struct;
public class ForDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//用while或for循环输出1-1000之间能被5整除的数,并且每行输出三个
for (int i = 0; i <= 1000; i++) {
if (i%5==0){
System.out.print(i+"\t");
}
if (i%(5*3)==0){
//System.out.println();
System.out.println("\n");
}
}
System.out.println("\n=======================================");
//while循环
int a = 0 ;
while (a<=1000){
if (a%5==0){
System.out.print(a+"\t");
}
if (a%(5*3)==0){
System.out.println();
}
a++;
}
}
}
package com.sun.struct;
public class ForDemo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//打印九九乘法表
for (int j = 1; j <= 9; j++) {
for (int i = 1; i <= j; i++) {
System.out.print (i + "*" + j + "=" + (j*i) + "\t" );
if (j<=i){
System.out.println();
}
}
}
}
}
9.增强for循环
package com.sun.struct;
public class ForDemo05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers ={10,20,30,40,50};//定义了一个数组
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(numbers[i]);
}
System.out.println("=========================");
//遍历数组元素
for (int x:numbers){
System.out.println(x);
}
}
}
10.break continue
- break 用于强行退出循环,不执行循环中剩余语句
- break也可以再switch中使用
- continue 用于终止某次循环,即跳过循环体中尚未执行的语句,接着执行下一次是否执行循环的判定
package com.sun.struct;
public class ContinueDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 0 ;
while (i<100){
i++;
if (i%10==0){
System.out.println();
continue;
}
System.out.print(i+"\t");
}
}
}
11.练习
package com.sun.struct;
public class TestDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//打印三角形 5行
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = 5; j >= i; j--) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}