txt文件
[a.txt]
早上好
你好
f = open("a.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
# 一次性读取文件
print(f.read())
# 早上好
# 你好
# 一次读取一行,占用内存少,读取速度慢
print(f.readline())
# 早上好
# 一次读取相关的文本内容,速度快,占用内存多,元素存储的用列表的方式
print(f.readlines())
# ['早上好\n', '你好']
csv文件
import csv
f = open("b.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8")
c = csv.reader(f)
for cs in c:
print(cs)
# ['张三', '男', '20']
# ['lisi', '女', '18']
# ['王五', '男', '22']
excel文件
pip install xlrd==1.2.0
import xlrd
xls = xlrd.open_workbook("c.xlsx")
sheet = xls.sheet_by_index(0)
print(sheet.ncols) # 3 列数
print(sheet.nrows) # 2 行数
print(sheet.row_values(1)) # ['李四', '女', 20.0] 第二行
for i in range(sheet.nrows):
print(sheet.row_values(i))
# ['张三', '男', 18.0]
# ['李四', '女', 20.0]
json文件
loads():将json字符串转化为python对象
dumps():将python对象转化为json字符串
json_str = """
[{"name":"张三","sex":"男","age":28},{"name":"lisi","sex":"女","age":28}]
"""
import json
# loads():将json字符串转化为python对象
json1 = json.loads(json_str)
print(type(json1)) # <class 'list'>
print(json1)
# [{'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 28}, {'name': 'lisi', 'sex': '女', 'age': 28}]
# dumps():将python对象转化为json字符串
json2 = json.dumps(json1, ensure_ascii=False)
print(type(json2)) # <class 'str'>
print(json2)
# [{"name": "张三", "sex": "男", "age": 28}, {"name": "lisi", "sex": "女", "age": 28}]
xml文件
可扩展标记语言,标准通用标记语言的子集,简称XML。一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。
try:
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("d.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
# print(root.tag) # bookstore
# print(root.attrib) # {'id': '1'} 属性
for child in root:
print(child.tag)
print(child.attrib)
for children in child:
print(children.tag)
print(children.text)
# book
# {'categeory': 'COOKING'}
# title
# Everyday Italian
# author
# Giada De Laurentiis
# year
# 2005
# price
# 20.00
# book
# {'categeory': 'WEB'}
# title
# XML
# author
# Erik T. Ray
# year
# 2003
# price
# 39.95
YAML文件
是一个可读性高,用来表达数据序列化的格式
语法:
大小写敏感
使用缩进表示层级关系
缩进时不允许使用Tab键,只允许使用空格
缩进的空格数目不重要,只要想同层级的元素左侧对齐即可
支持的数据结构:
对象、数组、纯量
pip install pyyaml
import yaml
yaml_str1 = "animal:pets"
yaml_ob1 = yaml.load(yaml_str1, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
print(yaml_ob1) # animal:pets
yaml_str2 = open("e.yaml", "r", encoding="utf-8").read()
yaml_ob2 = yaml.load(yaml_str2, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
print(yaml_ob2) # {'hash': {'name:Steve': None, 'foo:bar': None}}
yaml_str3 = open("e1.yaml", "r", encoding="utf-8").read()
yaml_ob3 = yaml.load(yaml_str3, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
print(yaml_ob3) # ['Cat', 'Dog', 'Goldfish']
补充:json类型与python类型对照
Python | Json |
---|---|
dict | object |
lis,tuple | array |
str,unicode | string |
int,long,float | number |
True | true |
False | false |
None | null |