java中的网络编程及Demo

网络编程又可以称之为socket编程。网络编程的三要素是指：IP地址，端口号和协议(UDP和TCP)。

一、UDP编程

1、使用UDP发送数据的流程分别是：

创建发送端Socket对象：

DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();  //随机分配端口号

DatagramSocket(int port)//创建Socket对象并制定端口号

创建数据并打包：

DatagramPacket  message = new DatagramPacket(bys, length,address,port);

发送数据：

datagramSocket.send(message);

释放资源：datagramSocket.close();

完整的代码如下所示：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//创建发送端Socket对象
		DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
       // 创建数据并打包
		/**
		 * DatagramPacket:表示一个数据包
		 * byte[]:数据
		 * 目的设备地址：ip
		 * 目的设备端口号
		 */
		String s = "hello,udp,im coming";
		byte[] bys = s.getBytes();//将信息转换为字节数组
		int length = bys.length;  //获取字节数组的长度
		InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("gblcs"); //自己发给自己
		int port = 8888; //设置目的端口号
		DatagramPacket  message = new DatagramPacket(bys, length,address,port);
        //发送数据
		datagramSocket.send(message);
        //释放资源
		datagramSocket.close();

	}

2、使用UDP接收数据

创建接收端Socket对象：DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

接收数据：DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bys, bys.length);
                  datagramSocket.receive(dp);

解析数据：InetAddress address = dp.getAddress();  //获取发送端地址
                  byte[] data = dp.getData();   //获取发送数据
                   int length = dp.getLength();  //获取长度

输出数据：System.out.println("send------>"+address);
                  System.out.println("data------>"+new String(data,0,length));

释放资源：datagramSocket.close();  //服务器中的服务可以不用关闭

完整的代码如下所示：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		 //创建接收端Socket对象
		DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
          //   接收数据
		byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
		DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bys, bys.length);
		datagramSocket.receive(dp);
            //  解析数据
		InetAddress address = dp.getAddress();  //获取发送端地址
		byte[] data = dp.getData();   //获取发送数据
		int length = dp.getLength();  //获取长度
          //输出数据
		System.out.println("send------>"+address);
		System.out.println("data------>"+new String(data,0,length));
           //释放资源
		datagramSocket.close();
	}

二、使用TCP编程

1、使用TCP发送数据

创建发送端Socket对象(创建连接)：Socket s = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("gblcs"),9999); //参数为主机名和端口号

获取输出流对象：OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();

发送数据：os.write("hello,tcp,im coming".getBytes());

释放资源：s.close();

完整代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//创建发送端socket对象
		Socket s = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("gblcs"),9999);
		//创建输出流对象
		OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
		//发送数据
		os.write("hello,tcp,im coming".getBytes());
		//释放资源
		s.close();
	}

2、使用TCP接收数据

创建接收端Socket对象：ServerSocket  ss =  new ServerSocket(9999);

监听（等待客户端发送数据）：Socket s = ss.accept();

获取输入流对象：InputStream is = s.getInputStream();

输出数据：int len = is.read(bys);
                 System.out.println("Client------->"+s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
                 System.out.println(new String(bys,0,len));

释放资源：s.close();

完整代码如下所示：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ServerSocket  ss =  new ServerSocket(9999);
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
		
		byte [] bys = new byte[1024];
		int len = is.read(bys);
		System.out.println("Client------->"+s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
		System.out.println(new String(bys,0,len));
		s.close();
	}

三、写一个Demo，使用TCP协议完成用户登录操作(模拟数据库)。从键盘上输入用户名和密码，进行验证，正确返回“登陆成功”，错误返回“登录失败”。

创建User对象：

public class User {
	private String username;
	private String password;
	
	public User() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	
	public User(String username, String password) {
		super();
		this.username = username;
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}


	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		User other = (User) obj;
		if (password == null) {
			if (other.password != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!password.equals(other.password))
			return false;
		if (username == null) {
			if (other.username != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!username.equals(other.username))
			return false;
		return true;
	}

	

}

创建UserDB对象(模拟数据库)：

public class UserDB {
       private static List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
       
       static{
    	   users.add(new User("zhangsan","1234"));
    	   users.add(new User("lisi","1234"));
    	   users.add(new User("liuliu","12345"));
    	   
       }
       public static List<User> getUsers(){
    	   return users;
       }
}

创建Client类：

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
          //创建客户端socket对象
		   Socket s = new Socket("gblcs",9999);
		  //获取用户名和密码
		   BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		   System.out.println("请输入用户名 ");
		   String name = br.readLine();
		   System.out.println("请输入密码");
		   String password = br.readLine();
		  //获取输出流对象
		   PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(),true);
		  //写出数据
		   pw.println(name);
		   pw.println(password);
		
		 //获取输入流对象
		   BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
		 //返回服务器的数据
		   String reslut = bufferedReader.readLine();
		   System.out.println(reslut);
		//关闭资源
		   s.close();
	}

创建Service类：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//创建服务器socket
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
		//监听
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		//获取输入流对象
		BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
		//获取用户名和密码
		String username = bf.readLine();
		//System.out.println(username);
	
		String password = bf.readLine();
		//System.out.println(password);
		//判断用户名和密码是否正确
		boolean flag = false;
		List<User> users = UserDB.getUsers();
		User user = new User(username,password);
		if(users.contains(user)){
			flag = true;	
		}
		//获取输出流
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(),true);
		//返回判断信息
		if(flag){
			pw.println("登录成功");
		}else {
			pw.println("登录失败");
		}
		//释放资源
		s.close();

	}

}