Java使用URLConnection以json形式发送POST请求和GET请求

1.概述

1.1 将参数以json对象封装

1.2 设置请求头中的Content-type为application/json

2.以json形式发送请求需要使用json对象封装参数（这里以fastjson封装参数）

        <!-- json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.41</version>
        </dependency>

3.POST请求案例代码

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class TestPostJson {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //发送json请求，对象必须封装成json格式
        JSONObject params = new JSONObject();
        params.put("username","小诸葛的博客");
        params.put("password","gdupa2015");

        //注意！一定要将对象转成字符串
        String str = params.toJSONString();

        sendJsonPost("http://www.xiaozhuge.com/login", str);
    }


    /**
     * @param url   发送请求的URL
     * @param param 请求参数
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     * @description 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     * @author: liyinlong
     * @date 2020-01-05 21:00
     */
    public static String sendJsonPost(String url, String param) {
        System.out.println("\n==============================POST请求开始==============================");
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            //设置Content-type 为 application/json
            conn.addRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应

            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("url:" + url);
        System.out.println("POST请求结果：" + result);
        System.out.println("==============================POST请求结束==============================\n");
        return result;
    }

}

4.GET请求案例代码

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class TestGetJson {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "http://www.xiaozhuge.com/login?username=xiaozhuge&password=1234";
        sendJsonGet(url);
    }
    
    public static String sendJsonGet(String url) {
        System.out.println("\n==============================POST请求开始==============================");
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            //设置Content-type 为 application/json
            conn.addRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");

            conn.getInputStream();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("url:" + url);
        System.out.println("POST请求结果：" + result);
        System.out.println("==============================POST请求结束==============================\n");
        return result;
    }

}

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