Kubeadm快速部署一个Kubernetes集群
kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具。
这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署:
# 创建一个 Master 节点
$ kubeadm init
# 将一个 Node 节点加入到当前集群中
$ kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 >
1.1 安装要求
在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件:
- 一台或多台机器,操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
- 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
- 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像
- 禁止swap分区
1.2 准备环境
角色 | IP |
---|---|
k8s-master | 192.168.100.110 |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.100.120 |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.100.130 |
关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux:
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
关闭swap:
swapoff -a # 临时
vim /etc/fstab # 永久
#UUID=4a29aa99-5013-430c-9224-bec8e59ecc36 swap swap defaults 0 0
设置主机名:
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
在master添加hosts:
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.100.110 k8s-master
192.168.100.120 k8s-node1
192.168.100.130 k8s-node2
EOF
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链:
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
时间同步:
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 开启路由转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 开启路由转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 开启路由转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
1.3 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
Kubernetes默认CRI(容器运行时)为Docker,因此先安装Docker。
1、 安装Docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
docker --version
Docker version 18.06.1-ce, build e68fc7a
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
2、 添加阿里云YUM软件源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
3、 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
由于版本更新频繁,这里指定版本号部署:
yum install -y kubelet-1.17.0 kubeadm-1.17.0 kubectl-1.17.0
systemctl enable kubelet
1.4 部署Kubernetes Master
在192.168.100.110(Master)执行。
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.100.110 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.17.0 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问,这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。
使用kubectl工具:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes
kubeadm join 192.168.100.110:6443 --token xgpcw7.3zs316i6ui059k7n \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d188cc0e38044a6e262120c3000658db0ae9db7ff4d858367761d698bc798b9e
#以下是成功加入群集的信息
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady master 36m v1.17.0
k8s-node1 NotReady <none> 2m59s v1.17.0
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 2m34s v1.17.0
[root@k8s-master ~]# tail /var/log/messages -f
[2183] Container runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:docker: network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized
下面部署网络
1.5 安装Pod网络插件(CNI)
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
确保能够访问到quay.io这个registery。
如果Pod镜像下载失败,可以改成这个镜像地址:lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
1.6 加入Kubernetes Node
在192.168.100.120/130(Node)执行。
向集群添加新节点,执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令:
kubeadm join 192.168.100.110:6443 --token xgpcw7.3zs316i6ui059k7n \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d188cc0e38044a6e262120c3000658db0ae9db7ff4d858367761d698bc798b9e
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 45m v1.17.0
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 12m v1.17.0
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 12m v1.17.0
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-9d85f5447-f7n8g 1/1 Running 0 48m
coredns-9d85f5447-nnwp5 1/1 Running 0 48m
etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 48m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 48m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 48m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-pdtk5 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-sj8tr 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zld2s 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-proxy-dlh5f 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-proxy-z6bqn 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-proxy-zppgq 1/1 Running 0 48m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 48m
-n 指定命名空间
- 默认token有效期为24小时,当过期之后,该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token,操作如下:
# kubeadm token create
# kubeadm token list
# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
63bca849e0e01691ae14eab449570284f0c3ddeea590f8da988c07fe2729e924
# kubeadm join 192.168.100.110:6443 --token nuja6n.o3jrhsffiqs9swnu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:63bca849e0e01691ae14eab449570284f0c3ddeea590f8da988c07fe2729e924
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/
1.7 测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod,验证是否正常运行:
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.96.165.173 <none> 8000/TCP 110s
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.95.234 <none> 443:30001/TCP 110s
访问地址:https://NodeIP:Port
1.8 部署 Dashboard
$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
type: NodePort "添加"
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 "添加"
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
访问地址:http://NodeIP:30001
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色:
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
使用输出的token登录Dashboard。