目的
(1) 理解I/O复用模型的工作原理;
(2) 掌握select函数的功能和调用顺序;
(3) 掌握I/O复用模型服务器编程。
内容
(1) 在Linux下实现一个以I/O复用模型为基础的回声服务器端(及客户端);
(2) 在Windows下实现一个以I/O复用模型为基础的回声服务器端(及客户端)。
实验代码及过程
(1) 在Linux下实现一个以I/O复用模型为基础的回声服务器端(及客户端);
//(1) 源代码:linux端
//服务端
//echo_select_serv.c.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 100
void error_handling(char *buf);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int serv_sock, clnt_sock;
struct sockaddr_in serv_adr, clnt_adr;
struct timeval timeout;
fd_set reads, cpy_reads;
socklen_t adr_sz;
int fd_max, str_len, fd_num, i;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
if(argc!=2) {
printf("Usage : %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
serv_sock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
memset(&serv_adr, 0, sizeof(serv_adr));
serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serv_adr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));
if(bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*) &serv_adr, sizeof(serv_adr))==-1)
error_handling("bind() error");
if(listen(serv_sock, 5)==-1)
error_handling("listen() error");
//设置文件描述符
FD_ZERO(&reads);
FD_SET(serv_sock, &reads);
fd_max=serv_sock;
while(1)
{
cpy_reads=reads;
timeout.tv_sec=5;
timeout.tv_usec=5000;
if((fd_num=select(fd_max+1, &cpy_reads, 0, 0, &timeout))==-1)
break;
if(fd_num==0)
continue;
for(i=0; i<fd_max+1; i++)
{
if(FD_ISSET(i, &cpy_reads))
{
if(i==serv_sock) // connection request!
{
adr_sz=sizeof(clnt_adr);
clnt_sock=
accept(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&clnt_adr, &adr_sz);
FD_SET(clnt_sock, &reads);
if(fd_max<clnt_sock)
fd_max=clnt_sock;
printf("connected client: %d \n", clnt_sock);
}
else // read message!
{
str_len=read(i, buf, BUF_SIZE);
if(str_len==0) // close request!
{
FD_CLR(i, &reads);
close(i);
printf("closed client: %d \n", i);
}
else
{
write(i, buf, str_len); // echo!
}
}
}
}
}
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *buf)
{
fputs(buf, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
//客户端
//echo_client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
void error_handling(char *message);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sock;
char message[BUF_SIZE];
int str_len;
struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;
if(argc!=3) {
printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
sock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sock==-1)
error_handling("socket() error");
memset(&serv_adr, 0, sizeof(serv_adr));
serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
serv_adr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));
if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_adr, sizeof(serv_adr))==-1)
error_handling("connect() error!");
else
puts("Connected...........");
while(1)
{
fputs("Input message(Q to quit): ", stdout);
fgets(message, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
if(!strcmp(message,"q\n") || !strcmp(message,"Q\n"))
break;
write(sock, message, strlen(message));
str_len=read(sock, message, BUF_SIZE-1);
message[str_len]=0;
printf("Message from server: %s", message);
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
测试结果:
(2) 在Windows下实现一个以I/O复用模型为基础的回声服务器端(及客户端)。
//(2) 源代码:windows端:
//服务端
//echo_selectserv_win.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
void ErrorHandling(char *message);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET hServSock, hClntSock;
SOCKADDR_IN servAdr, clntAdr;
TIMEVAL timeout;
fd_set reads, cpyReads;
int adrSz;
int strLen, fdNum, i;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
if(argc!=2) {
printf("Usage : %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData)!=0)
ErrorHandling("WSAStartup() error!");
hServSock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
memset(&servAdr, 0, sizeof(servAdr));
servAdr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servAdr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servAdr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));
if(bind(hServSock, (SOCKADDR*) &servAdr, sizeof(servAdr))==SOCKET_ERROR)
ErrorHandling("bind() error");
if(listen(hServSock, 5)==SOCKET_ERROR)
ErrorHandling("listen() error");
FD_ZERO(&reads);
FD_SET(hServSock, &reads);
while(1)
{
cpyReads=reads;
timeout.tv_sec=5;
timeout.tv_usec=5000;
if((fdNum=select(0, &cpyReads, 0, 0, &timeout))==SOCKET_ERROR)
break;
if(fdNum==0)
continue;
for(i=0; i<reads.fd_count; i++)
{
if(FD_ISSET(reads.fd_array[i], &cpyReads))
{
if(reads.fd_array[i]==hServSock) // connection request!
{
adrSz=sizeof(clntAdr);
hClntSock=
accept(hServSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAdr, &adrSz);
FD_SET(hClntSock, &reads);
printf("connected client: %d \n", hClntSock);
}
else // read message!
{
strLen=recv(reads.fd_array[i], buf, BUF_SIZE-1, 0);
if(strLen==0) // close request!
{
FD_CLR(reads.fd_array[i], &reads);
closesocket(cpyReads.fd_array[i]);
printf("closed client: %d \n", cpyReads.fd_array[i]);
}
else
{
send(reads.fd_array[i], buf, strLen, 0); // echo!
}
}
}
}
}
closesocket(hServSock);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
void ErrorHandling(char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
//客户端
//client_win.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
void ErrorHandling(char *message);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET hSocket;
char message[BUF_SIZE];
int strLen;
SOCKADDR_IN servAdr;
if(argc!=3) {
printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData)!=0)
ErrorHandling("WSAStartup() error!");
hSocket=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(hSocket==INVALID_SOCKET)
ErrorHandling("socket() error");
memset(&servAdr, 0, sizeof(servAdr));
servAdr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servAdr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
servAdr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));
if(connect(hSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&servAdr, sizeof(servAdr))==SOCKET_ERROR)
ErrorHandling("connect() error!");
else
puts("Connected...........");
while(1)
{
fputs("Input message(Q to quit): ", stdout);
fgets(message, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
if(!strcmp(message,"q\n") || !strcmp(message,"Q\n"))
break;
send(hSocket, message, strlen(message), 0);
strLen=recv(hSocket, message, BUF_SIZE-1, 0);
message[strLen]=0;
printf("Message from server: %s", message);
}
closesocket(hSocket);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
void ErrorHandling(char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
运行结果:
拓展
select是通过条件触发的方式工作的。具体通过相关程序进行了测试,结果如下图:
将缓冲区字符串数组减小为4,使一次性不能全部读完接收的数据。通过实验发现,读取接收的数据的次数等于调用select函数的次数,即注册事件的次数。
这与后面的epoll模型可做比较。