13.C++STL容器（一）

1. 定长数组array

   #include <iostream>
   #include <string>
   #include <array>
   using namespace std;
   
   class Student {
   public:
   	Student() = default;
   	Student(string name , int stuNum ) :name(name), stuNum(stuNum) {}
   	void print() {
   		cout << name << " " << stuNum << endl;
   	}
   	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Student& stu) {
   		out << stu.name << " " << stu.stuNum;
   		return out;
   	}
   protected:
   	string name;
   	int stuNum;
   private:
   };
   
   
   int main() {
   	//创建定长数组 array<存储的类型，元素个数> arrname;
   	array<int, 5> arr;
   	array<string, 5>* pArr = new array<string, 5>;
   	delete pArr;
   	//常用成员函数
   	cout << arr.size() << endl;
   	cout << arr.empty() << endl;//返回0表示不为空
   	arr.fill(3);//填充所有元素为3
   
   	//创建并初始化
   	//1.容器元素为普通类型数据
   	array<int, 5>arr1 = { 1,2,3,4,5 };
   	//遍历
   	//普通遍历
   	for (int i = 0; i < arr1.size(); i++)
   	{
   		cout << arr1[i] << " ";
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   	//容器的遍历
   	for (int v : arr1)
   	{
   		cout << v << " ";
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   	//交换
   	array<int, 5>arr2 = { 7,8,9,10,11 };
   	arr1.swap(arr2);
   	for (int v : arr1)
   	{
   		cout << v << " ";
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   	for (int v : arr2)
   	{
   		cout << v << " ";
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   	//2.容器元素为自定义类型数据
   	array<Student, 3>stuArray;
   	for (int i = 0; i < stuArray.size(); i++)
   	{
   		string name = "name";
   		stuArray[i] = Student(name + to_string(i), 18 + i);
   	}
   	for (Student v : stuArray)
   	{
   		//cout << v << endl;
   		v.print();
   	}
   	//迭代器
   	//对象模仿指针，*迭代器是取值运算
   	array<Student, 3>::iterator iter;
   	//begin():第一个元素
   	//end(): 最后一个位置，不是最后元素的位置
   	stuArray.begin()->print();
   	(*stuArray.begin()).print();
   	//stuArray.end()->print(); //访问越界
   	(stuArray.end() - 1)->print();//最后一个元素
   	//迭代器遍历
   	for (iter = stuArray.begin(); iter != stuArray.end(); iter++)
   	{
   		//(*iter).print();
   		//iter->print();
   		cout << *iter << " ";
   	}
   
   	return 0;
   }

2. 动态数组Vector

   #include <iostream>
   #include <string>
   #include <vector>
   using namespace std;
   
   class Student
   {
   public:
   	Student() = default;
   	Student(string name,int stuNum):name(name),stuNum(stuNum){}
   	void print() {
   		cout << name << " " << stuNum << endl;
   	}
   	//ostream& operator<<(ostream& out) {
   	//	out << this->name << " " << this->stuNum << " ";
   	//	return out;
   	//}	
   	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,Student&stu) {
   		out << stu.name << " " << stu.stuNum;
   		return out;
   	}
   protected:
   	string name;
   	int stuNum;
   private:
   };
   
   template<class _type>
   void printVector(vector<_type> object) {
   	for (_type v:object)
   	{
   		cout << v << " ";
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   }
   
   int main() {
   	//1.容器中的元素为普通类型的数据
   	//不带长度的创建方式
   	vector<int>numVec1;
   	for (int i=0;i<5;i++)
   	{
   		//只能用成员函数做插入元素
   		numVec1.push_back(i);//尾插法
   	}
   	printVector(numVec1);
   
   	//带长度创建
   	vector<string>stuList(3);//当前动态数组的长度是3
   	for (int i=0;i<3;i++)//只有在确定长度范围以内的可以直接采用数组法插入
   	{
   		string name = "name";
   		stuList[i] = name + to_string(i);
   	}
   	printVector(stuList);
   	//超过的必须用成员函数插入
   	stuList.push_back("张三");
   	printVector(stuList);
   
   	//关于push_back
   	vector<int>numVec2(5);
   	numVec2.push_back(333);//在原来内存的后面扩增
   	printVector(numVec2);//0 0 0 0 0 333
   
   	//带初始化
   	vector<int> numVec3 = { 0,1,2,3,4,5 };
   	cout << numVec3.size() << endl;//当前容器中的元素个数
   	cout << numVec3.empty()<< endl;//判断是否为空 
   	cout << numVec3.front()<< endl;//访问第一个元素
   	cout << numVec3.back()<< endl;//访问最后一个元素
   	cout << numVec3.at(2) << endl;//访问下标为2的元素
   	numVec3.emplace(numVec3.begin()+3, 10);//修改下标为3的元素为10
   	numVec3.emplace(numVec3.end() - 2, 55);
   	numVec3.emplace_back(185); //和push_back一样的功能
   	printVector(numVec3);
   
   	//批量复制
   	int array1[5] = { 1,5,3,78,8 };
   	vector<int>arrayCopy;
   	arrayCopy.assign(array1+2, array1 + 5);//起始位置和结束位置
   	printVector(arrayCopy);
   
   	//2.容器中的元素为自定义类型
   	vector<Student> stu;
   	for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
   	{
   		string name = "name";
   		stu.push_back(Student(name + to_string(i), 18 + i));
   	}
   	printVector(stu);
   	//迭代器
   	vector<Student>::iterator iter;
   	for (iter=stu.begin();iter!=stu.end();iter++)
   	{
   		cout << *iter << "  ";
   	}
   
   	return 0;
   }

3. array与Vector嵌套

   ​
   #include<iostream>
   #include <string>
   #include <vector>
   #include <array>
   using namespace std;
   
   
   int main() {
   	//array与array嵌套
   	array<array<int, 4>, 3>arr;//三行四列二维数组 arr[3][4]
   	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
   	{
   		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
   		{
   			arr[i][j] = i * j;
   		}	
   	}
   	for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++)
   	{
   		for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].size(); j++)
   		{
   			cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
   		}
   		cout << endl;
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   	//vector与vector嵌套
   	vector<vector<int>>vecData;//一般vecotor 采用的是push_back插入
   	for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
   	{
   		vector<int>temp;
   		for (int j=0;j<4;j++)
   		{
   			temp.push_back(i * j);
   		}
   		vecData.push_back(temp);
   	}
   	for (int i=0;i<vecData.size();i++)
   	{
   		for (int j=0;j<vecData[i].size();j++)
   		{
   			cout << vecData[i][j]<<" ";
   		}
   		cout << endl;
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   
   	//vector与array嵌套
   	array<vector<int>, 3>arrVec;
   	vector<int>inVec[3] = { {3,8,7,8} ,{1,2,4,4,4,5,6} ,{7,8} };
   	for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
   	{
   		arrVec[i] = inVec[i];
   	}
   	for (int i=0;i<arrVec.size();i++)
   	{
   		for (int j=0;j<arrVec[i].size();j++)
   		{
   			cout << arrVec[i][j] << " ";
   		}
   		cout << endl;
   	}
   	cout << endl;
   
   	vector<array<int, 4>> vecArr;
   	array<int, 4>inArr[3] = { {3,8,7,8} ,{1,2,4,4} ,{7,8,1,2} };
   	for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
   	{
   		vecArr.push_back(inArr[i]);
   	}
   	for (int i=0;i<vecArr.size();i++)
   	{
   		for (int j=0;j<vecArr[i].size();j++)
   		{
   			cout << vecArr[i][j] << " ";
   		}
   		cout << endl;
   	}
   	return 0;
   }
   
   ​

4. 自定义array类

   #include <iostream>
   #include <string>
   using namespace std;
   
   template<class _type,size_t size>
   class MyArray {
   public:
   	MyArray() {
   		Array = new _type[size];
   	}
   	_type& operator[](int index){
   		return Array[index];
   	}
   	_type* begin() {
   		return Array;
   	}
   	_type* end() {
   		return Array + size;
   	}
   	~MyArray() {
   		delete []Array;
   		Array = nullptr;
   	}
   	//迭代器 类的对象模仿指针的行为
   	class iterator {
   	public:
   		iterator() = default;
   		iterator(_type pMove):pMove(pMove) {}
   		void operator=(_type*pMove) {
   			this->pMove = pMove;
   		}
   		bool operator!=(_type* pMove) {
   			return this->pMove != pMove;
   		}
   		iterator operator++(int) {
   			this->pMove++;
   			return  *this;
   		}
   		_type operator*() {
   			return pMove[0];
   			return *pMove;
   		}
   	protected:
   		_type* pMove;
   	private:
   	};
   protected:
   	_type* Array;
   private:
   };
   
   int main() {
   	MyArray<int, 3>arr;
   	for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
   	{
   		arr[i] = i;
   	}
   	MyArray<int, 3>::iterator iter;
   	for (iter=arr.begin();iter!=arr.end();iter++)
   	{
   		cout << *iter <<" ";
   	}
   
   	return 0;
   }