四级语法3——名词从句

一．课前思考：

什么是复合句？复合句的分类？

一个主句和一个或多个从句，主句表达主要意思，从句表达次要意思。
复合句又分为名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句。

名词性从句的分类？各种名词性从句的理解？

名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

主语从句

主语从句 主语从句，说明啊：充当主语的从句就叫主语从句！！

that引导的主语从句

例句：
1、That the little boy got the first prize made his family relatives so 
proud.
主(主从) + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
分析：“got”、“made”都是谓语。
前面讲到的：谓语前面那一坨当作主语。
“got”的主语 “the little boy”，而made的主语“That the little boy got the
first prize”是一个句子，又是充当主语，该句子又表示次要意思，所以叫做主语
从句。
而且句首有个“That”，其实代指这从句，也可以看做That是made的主语。

2、That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in
unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night”
effect. (2017-12)
主（住从） + 系 + 表 + (后置定语）
分析：“experience”、“is” 分别是谓语和系动词。

whether引导的主语从句

例句：
1、Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. (2016-12)
主(主从）+系+表
分析：“work”、“is”分别是谓语和系动词。

特殊疑问词引导的主语从句

How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal
test-taking abilities.(2017-12)
主(主从)+谓+宾
分析：“handle”、“depend”是谓语。

It形式主语的类型

it作形式主语:
真正的主语: 1.that主语从句﹔2.to do sth

1、In today’s job market, it’s not uncommon for job seekers    to 
submit applications for many positions.(2018-06)
分析：为了避免头重脚轻，即“To submit applications for many positions
 is not uncommon.”，采用形式主语it。
主语It = to submit applications for many positions.（第二种 to do sth）

前面那一句可以改成it形式主语为：
It made his family relatives so proud that the little boy got the 
first prize.(第一种 that)

2、It’s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with 
occupations like lung disease in coal miners.(2016-12)
分析：that才是it的内容。而且that后接的是一个完整的句子。

宾语从句

宾语从句 宾语从句，说明啊：充当宾语的从句就叫宾语从句！！

及物动词后的宾语从句（谓+宾）

例句：
I have learned that love, not time, heals allwounds.
分析：宾语是一个从句，于是用“that”在指代宾语。

介词后的宾语从句（介+宾）

例句：
Therefore, it is vital that educators everywhere take a careful look 
not only at what is being done, but also at what should be done in 
the field of computer education. (1991-01阅读)

take a careful look at...；仔细看看，格外注意
分析：“that”后面整个句子才是主语；主语从句中谓语“take a careful look”，
介词“at”后面接着宾语，但确实句子“what is being done”、“what should be
 done”，所以叫做宾语从句。

表语从句（系+表）

表语从句 表语从句，说明啊：充当表语的从句就叫表语从句！！

There are two worrying featuresofthe slowdown (粮食增速放缓). One
 is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most 
 populous(人口多的) countries,India and China. (2015-06)
 
 分析：“is”系动词，后接表语，但是后面是个“that”+完整句子，所以that
 后面是个从句，又是表语，所以叫表语从句。
 

同位语从句：

同位语：相当于一个相同地位的词语
同位语从句 同位语从句，说明啊：充当同位语的从句就叫同位语从句！！

同位语从句：用一句话来解释一个抽象名词
There is a popular saying that family happiness spurs social 
stability.
分析：
a saying = family happiness spurs social stability
that后面那句话就相当与a saying ，为什么这么用呢？为了更加明确的表达这个
说法saying，于是加一个从句来代替并表达它，于是就叫同位语从句。

各名词性从句的引导词有哪些？这些引导词区别是什么？

二、练习

 Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.

分析：
首先可以直接找动词，第一个"are"前面就“the eyes”很明显这就是它的主语。
第一个“is”前面很长，结合“Whether”我们得知它前面是一个从句，然后又是它的
谓语，于是就主语从句。
第二个“are”其前面就是“they”主语，第二个is同样根据that，判断得其主语是
一个从句————主语从句。

 It is reported that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal. （2012-06）

分析：
“is”前面“it”主语有了但不明确，后面有个that+一个完整句子，所以判定that
后面是一个主语从句来描述it。
然后“are”前面有主语了，看到一个“介词+where”，where+一个完整句子，于是
这个句子就是一个宾语从句（介+宾）。

 Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time.(2018-06)

分析：
said有主语了，后面一整窜直接当作宾语（从句：是个完整句子）；接着see后面
是whether，判定为它引导了一个从句（宾语从句）；后面又看到or whether得知
连接着另一个宾语从句。

 For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian,whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is the thief or meter reader, and so on.（1997-01）

首先，“judge”是动词谓语，然后其后面不是直接的宾语，而是whether+一个完整
的句子，于是可以判断是一个宾语从句，接着后面又有两个“whether”，这是一个
并列的结构，三个并列的宾语从句。

 As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student, and that a student’s final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the year’s work.

主谓宾有了，“experience”后面是that+一个完整的句子，这个句子更详细得表明
了“experience”了，于是这是一个同位语从句。后面“and that”是一个并列的结构。