一、静态路由的配置
1、基本配置
配置路由器AR1
<Huawei>system
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface s0/0/0
[R1-Serial0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-Serial0/0/0]q
[R1]interface s0/0/1
[R1-Serial0/0/1]ip address 13.1.1.1 24
[R1-Serial0/0/1]q
[R1]
配置路由器AR2
<Huawei>system
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface s0/0/0
[R2-Serial0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2]interface e0/0/0
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 22.1.1.2 24
配置路由器AR3
<Huawei>system
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface s0/0/1
[R3-Serial0/0/1]ip address 13.1.1.3 24
[R3]interface e0/0/0
[R3-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 33.1.1.3 24
2、配置静态路由
在每台路由器上配置静态路由协议,实现总部与两分部、两分部间的通信。
正向路由:在AR2上配置目的网段为主机PC2所在的网段的静态路由。
正向接力路由:在AR1上配置目的网段为主机PC2所在的网段的静态路由。
回程路由:在AR3上配置目的网段为主机PC1所在网段的静态路由。
回程接力路由:在AR1上配置目的网段为主机PC1所在的网段的静态路由。
正向路由
[R2]ip route-static 33.1.1.0 24 s0/0/0
正向接力路由
[R1]ip route-static 33.1.1.0 24 s0/0/1
回程路由
[R3]ip route-static 22.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.1
回程接力路由
[R1]ip route-static 22.1.1.0 24 s0/0/0
配置完成后,查看AR1的路由表。
<R1>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.2 Serial0/0/0
13.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 13.1.1.1 Serial0/0/1
13.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1
13.1.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 13.1.1.3 Serial0/0/1
22.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 12.1.1.1 Serial0/0/0
33.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 13.1.1.1 Serial0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
<R1>
3、验证配置效果
验证两分部的连通性,在PC1上测试与PC2间的连通性。
PC>ping 33.1.1.33
Ping 33.1.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=187 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=109 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=125 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=109 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=109 ms
--- 33.1.1.33 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 109/127/187 ms
两分部之间通信正常,在主机PC1上使用tracert命令测试所经过的网关。
PC>tracert 33.1.1.33
traceroute to 33.1.1.33, 8 hops max
(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
1 22.1.1.2 16 ms 31 ms 31 ms
2 12.1.1.1 63 ms 62 ms 47 ms
3 13.1.1.3 94 ms 94 ms 94 ms
4 33.1.1.33 109 ms 125 ms 125 ms
通过观察发现,PC1 ping的数据包是经过R1、R2、R3的顺序到达主机PC2的
验证总部与两分部之间的通信,在R1上使用ping命令测试。
//验证总部与分部PC1所在的网段
<R1>ping 22.1.1.22
PING 22.1.1.22: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 22.1.1.22: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=127 time=70 ms
Reply from 22.1.1.22: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=127 time=80 ms
Reply from 22.1.1.22: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=127 time=30 ms
Reply from 22.1.1.22: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=127 time=60 ms
Reply from 22.1.1.22: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=127 time=50 ms
--- 22.1.1.22 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/58/80 ms
//验证总部与分部PC2所在的网段
<R1>ping 33.1.1.33
PING 33.1.1.33: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 33.1.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=127 time=80 ms
Reply from 33.1.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=127 time=100 ms
Reply from 33.1.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=127 time=90 ms
Reply from 33.1.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=127 time=110 ms
Reply from 33.1.1.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=127 time=60 ms
--- 33.1.1.33 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 60/88/110 ms
通过测试,总部路由器R1能够正常访问两个分部主机PC1和PC2的网络
二、浮动静态路由的配置
在之前的案例配置上继续进行实验。
1、基本配置
在R2和R3增加主用链路接口基本设置
[r2]interface s0/0/0
[r2-Serial0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[r3]interface s0/0/2
[r3-Serial0/0/2]ip address 22.1.1.3 24
2、配置静态路由
在R2和R3增加主用链路静态路由的配置。
[r2]ip route-static 33.1.1.0 24 23.1.1.3
[r3]ip route-static 22.1.1.0 24 23.1.1.2
查看R2的路由表。
<r2>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 12
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.2 Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 Serial0/0/0
12.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0
22.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 22.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
22.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
22.1.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 22.1.1.3 Serial0/0/2
23.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 23.1.1.2 Serial0/0/2
23.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/2
33.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 12.1.1.2 Serial0/0/0
Static 60 0 RD 23.1.1.3 Serial0/0/2
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
<r2>display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 1 Routes : 2 Configured Routes : 2
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
33.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 12.1.1.2 Serial0/0/0
Static 60 0 RD 23.1.1.3 Serial0/0/2
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
3、配置浮动静态路由
修改R2去往PC2所在网段经过R1静态路由的优先级。关键词PREFERENCE取值越小,优先级越高;取值越大,优先级越小。
[r2]ip route-static 33.1.1.0 24 s0/0/0 preference 80
修改R3去往PC1所在网段经过R1静态路由的优先级。
[r3]ip route-static 22.1.1.0 24 13.1.1.1 preference 80
在R2使用命令查看路由表中静态路由条目。
<r2>display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 1 Routes : 2 Configured Routes : 2
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
33.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 23.1.1.3 Serial0/0/2
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
33.1.1.0/24 Static 80 0 12.1.1.2 Serial0/0/0
4、验证配置效果
PC>ping 33.1.1.33
Ping 33.1.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=126 time=94 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=110 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=94 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=109 ms
From 33.1.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=47 ms
--- 33.1.1.33 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 47/90/110 ms
PC>tracert 33.1.1.33
traceroute to 33.1.1.33, 8 hops max
(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
1 22.1.1.2 15 ms 32 ms 47 ms
2 22.1.1.3 46 ms 63 ms 62 ms
3 33.1.1.33 94 ms 125 ms 110 ms
由观察可知,两分部之间可以正常通信,且PC1 ping的数据包是经过R1、R3的顺序到达主机PC2的。