runtime的介绍

https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Reference/ObjCRuntimeRef/Reference/reference.html

一些公用类：

@interface CustomClass : NSObject

- (void) fun1;

@end

@implementation CustomClass

- (void) fun1

{

NSLog(@"fun1");

}

@end

@interface TestClass : NSObject

@end

@implementation TestClass

@end

别忘记引入库：#include

1、对象拷贝：id object_copy(id obj, size_t size)

- (void) copyObj

{

CustomClass *obj = [CustomClassnew];

NSLog(@"%p", &obj);

id objTest = object_copy(obj,sizeof(obj));

NSLog(@"%p", &objTest);

[objTest fun1];

}

打印结果：

2013-07-26 15:35:11.547 HighOC[6859:c07] 0xbfffdf64

2013-07-26 15:35:11.547 HighOC[6859:c07] 0xbfffdf60

2013-07-26 15:35:11.547 HighOC[6859:c07] fun1

说明：

object_copy 函数实现了对象的拷贝。

2、对象释放 id object_dispose(id obj)

- (void) objectDispose

{

CustomClass *obj = [CustomClassnew];

object_dispose(obj);

[obj release];

[obj fun1];

}

打印结果：程序crash

malloc: *** error for object 0x758e6d0: pointer being freed was not allocated

3、更改对象的类／获取对象的类

Class object_setClass(id obj, Class cls) ／

Class object_getClass(id obj)

- (void) setClassTest

{

CustomClass *obj = [CustomClassnew];

[obj fun1];

Class aClass =object_setClass(obj, [CustomClassOtherclass]);

//obj 对象的类被更改了 swap the isa to an isa

NSLog(@"aClass:%@",NSStringFromClass(aClass));

NSLog(@"obj class:%@",NSStringFromClass([objclass]));

[obj fun2];

}

- (void) getClassTest

{

CustomClass *obj = [CustomClassnew];

Class aLogClass =object_getClass(obj);

NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromClass(aLogClass));

}

4、获取对象的类名 constchar *object_getClassName(id obj)

- (void) getClassName

{

CustomClass *obj = [CustomClassnew];

NSString *className = [NSStringstringWithCString:object_getClassName(obj)encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSLog(@"className:%@", className);

}

5、给一个类添加方法

BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls,SEL name,IMP imp,

const char *types)

int cfunction(id self, SEL _cmd, NSString *str) {

NSLog(@"%@", str);

return10;//随便返回个值

}

- (void) oneParam {

TestClass *instance = [[TestClassalloc]init];

// 方法添加

class_addMethod([TestClassclass],@selector(ocMethod:), (IMP)cfunction,"i@:@");

if ([instance respondsToSelector:@selector(ocMethod:)]) {

NSLog(@"Yes, instance respondsToSelector:@selector(ocMethod:)");

} else

{

NSLog(@"Sorry");

}

int a = (int)[instanceocMethod:@"我是一个OC的method，C函数实现"];

NSLog(@"a:%d", a);

}

int cfunctionA(id self, SEL _cmd, NSString *str, NSString *str1) {

NSLog(@"%@-%@", str, str1);

return20;//随便返回个值

}

- (void) twoParam {

TestClass *instance = [[TestClassalloc]init];

class_addMethod([TestClassclass],@selector(ocMethodA::), (IMP)cfunctionA,"i@:@@");

if ([instance respondsToSelector:@selector(ocMethodA::)]) {

NSLog(@"Yes, instance respondsToSelector:@selector(ocMethodA::)");

} else

{

NSLog(@"Sorry");

}

int a = (int)[instanceocMethodA:@"我是一个OC的method，C函数实现" :@"-----我是第二个参数"];

NSLog(@"a:%d", a);

}

相关文档及说明：

Obj-C的方法（method）就是一个至少需要两个参数（self，_cmd）的C函数

IMP有点类似函数指针，指向具体的Method实现。

向一个类动态添加方法

BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types)

参数说明：

cls：被添加方法的类

name：可以理解为方法名

imp：实现这个方法的函数

types：一个定义该函数返回值类型和参数类型的字符串

class_addMethod([TestClass class], @selector(ocMethod:), (IMP)testFunc, "i@:@");

其中types参数为"i@:@“，按顺序分别表示：

i：返回值类型int，若是v则表示void

@：参数id(self)

:：SEL(_cmd)

@：id(str)

官方文档：

https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjCRuntimeGuide/Articles/ocrtTypeEncodings.html

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一些公用类：

@interface ClassCustomClass :NSObject{

NSString *varTest1;

NSString *varTest2;

NSString *varTest3;

}

@property (nonatomic,assign)NSString *varTest1;

@property (nonatomic,assign)NSString *varTest2;

@property (nonatomic,assign)NSString *varTest3;

- (void) fun1;

@end

@implementation ClassCustomClass

@synthesize varTest1, varTest2, varTest3;

- (void) fun1 {

NSLog(@"fun1");

}

@end

@interface ClassCustomClassOther :NSObject {

int varTest2;

}

- (void) fun2;

@end

@implementation ClassCustomClassOther

- (void) fun2 {

NSLog(@"fun2");

}

@end

@interface ClassPropertyViewCtr () {

float myFloat;

ClassCustomClass *allobj;

}

myFloat = 2.34f;

6、获取一个类的所有方法：

- (void) getClassAllMethod

{

u_int count;

Method* methods= class_copyMethodList([UIViewController class], &count);

for (int i = 0; i < count ; i++)

{

SEL name = method_getName(methods[i]);

NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithCString:sel_getName(name)encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSLog(@"%@",strName);

}

打印结果（部分）：

2013-07-26 16:07:03.972 HighOC[7021:c07] _screen

2013-07-26 16:07:03.973 HighOC[7021:c07] applicationWillSuspend

2013-07-26 16:07:03.973 HighOC[7021:c07] _tryBecomeRootViewControllerInWindow:

2013-07-26 16:07:03.973 HighOC[7021:c07] isViewLoaded

2013-07-26 16:07:03.974 HighOC[7021:c07] view

......................

7、获取一个类的所有属性：

- (void) propertyNameList

{

u_int count;

objc_property_t *properties=class_copyPropertyList([UIViewControllerclass], &count);

for (int i = 0; i < count ; i++)

{

const char* propertyName =property_getName(properties[i]);

NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithCString:propertyNameencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSLog(@"%@",strName);

}

打印结果（部分）

2013-07-26 16:09:42.182 HighOC[7041:c07] tabBarItem

2013-07-26 16:09:42.184 HighOC[7041:c07] tabBarController

2013-07-26 16:09:42.185 HighOC[7041:c07] splitViewController

2013-07-26 16:09:42.186 HighOC[7041:c07] navigationItem

2013-07-26 16:09:42.186 HighOC[7041:c07] hidesBottomBarWhenPushed

...............

8、获取／设置类的属性变量

//获取全局变量的值（myFloat 为类的一个属性变量）

- (void) getInstanceVar {

float myFloatValue;

object_getInstanceVariable(self,"myFloat", (void*)&myFloatValue);

NSLog(@"%f", myFloatValue);

}

//设置全局变量的值

- (void) setInstanceVar {

float newValue = 10.00f;

unsigned int addr = (unsignedint)&newValue;

object_setInstanceVariable(self,"myFloat", *(float**)addr);

NSLog(@"%f", myFloat);

}

9、判断类的某个属性的类型

- (void) getVarType {

ClassCustomClass *obj = [ClassCustomClassnew];

Ivar var = class_getInstanceVariable(object_getClass(obj),"varTest1");

const char* typeEncoding =ivar_getTypeEncoding(var);

NSString *stringType = [NSStringstringWithCString:typeEncodingencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

if ([stringType hasPrefix:@"@"]) {

// handle class case

NSLog(@"handle class case");

} else if ([stringTypehasPrefix:@"i"]) {

// handle int case

NSLog(@"handle int case");

} else if ([stringTypehasPrefix:@"f"]) {

// handle float case

NSLog(@"handle float case");

} else

{

}

10、通过属性的值来获取其属性的名字（反射机制）

- (NSString *)nameOfInstance:(id)instance

{

unsigned int numIvars =0;

NSString *key=nil;

//Describes the instance variables declared by a class.

Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([ClassCustomClassclass], &numIvars);

for(int i = 0; i < numIvars; i++) {

Ivar thisIvar = ivars[i];

const char *type =ivar_getTypeEncoding(thisIvar);

NSString *stringType = [NSStringstringWithCString:typeencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

//不是class就跳过

if (![stringType hasPrefix:@"@"]) {

continue;

}

//Reads the value of an instance variable in an object. object_getIvar这个方法中，当遇到非objective-c对象时，并直接crash

if ((object_getIvar(allobj, thisIvar) == instance)) {

// Returns the name of an instance variable.

key = [NSStringstringWithUTF8String:ivar_getName(thisIvar)];

break;

}

free(ivars);

return key;

}

测试代码：

allobj = [ClassCustomClassnew];

allobj.varTest1 =@"varTest1String";

allobj.varTest2 =@"varTest2String";

allobj.varTest3 =@"varTest3String";

NSString *str = [selfnameOfInstance:@"varTest1String"];

NSLog(@"str:%@", str);

打印结果：

2013-07-26 16:26:26.271 HighOC[7081:c07] str:varTest1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11、系统类的方法实现部分替换

- (void) methodExchange {

Method m1 = class_getInstanceMethod([NSStringclass],@selector(lowercaseString));

Method m2 = class_getInstanceMethod([NSStringclass],@selector(uppercaseString));

method_exchangeImplementations(m1, m2);

NSLog(@"%@", [@"sssAAAAss"lowercaseString]);

NSLog(@"%@", [@"sssAAAAss"uppercaseString]);

}

打印结果：（仔细看log）

2013-07-26 16:33:22.776 HighOC[7104:c07] SSSAAAASS

2013-07-26 16:33:22.778 HighOC[7104:c07] sssaaaass

12、自定义类的方法实现部分替换

- (void) justLog1 {

NSLog(@"justLog1");

}

- (void) justLog2 {

NSLog(@"justLog2");

}

- (void) methodSetImplementation {

Method method = class_getInstanceMethod([ClassMethodViewCtrclass],@selector(justLog1));

IMP originalImp = method_getImplementation(method);

Method m1 = class_getInstanceMethod([ClassMethodViewCtrclass],@selector(justLog2));

method_setImplementation(m1, originalImp);

}

//[self methodSetImplementation];

//[self justLog2];

13、覆盖系统方法

IMP cFuncPointer;

IMP cFuncPointer1;

IMP cFuncPointer2;

NSString* CustomUppercaseString(idself,SEL_cmd){

printf("真正起作用的是本函数CustomUppercaseString\r\n");

NSString *string = cFuncPointer(self,_cmd);

return string;

}

NSArray* CustomComponentsSeparatedByString(idself,SEL_cmd,NSString *str){

printf("真正起作用的是本函数CustomIsEqualToString\r\n");

return cFuncPointer1(self,_cmd, str);

}

//不起作用，求解释

bool CustomIsEqualToString(idself,SEL_cmd,NSString *str) ｛

printf("真正起作用的是本函数CustomIsEqualToString\r\n");

return cFuncPointer2(self,_cmd, str);

}

- (void) replaceMethod{

cFuncPointer = [NSStringinstanceMethodForSelector:@selector(uppercaseString)];

class_replaceMethod([NSStringclass],@selector(uppercaseString), (IMP)CustomUppercaseString,"@@:");

cFuncPointer1 = [NSStringinstanceMethodForSelector:@selector(componentsSeparatedByString:)];

class_replaceMethod([NSStringclass],@selector(componentsSeparatedByString:), (IMP)CustomComponentsSeparatedByString,"@@:@");

cFuncPointer2 = [NSStringinstanceMethodForSelector:@selector(isEqualToString:)];

class_replaceMethod([NSStringclass],@selector(isEqualToString:), (IMP)CustomIsEqualToString,"B@:@");

}

14、自动序列化（转）

#import "NSObject+AutoEncodeDecode.h"

@implementation NSObject (AutoEncodeDecode)

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder {

Class cls = [selfclass];

while (cls != [NSObjectclass]) {

unsigned int numberOfIvars =0;

Ivar* ivars = class_copyIvarList(cls, &numberOfIvars);

for(const Ivar* p = ivars; p < ivars+numberOfIvars; p++){

Ivar const ivar = *p;

const char *type =ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar);

NSString *key = [NSStringstringWithUTF8String:ivar_getName(ivar)];

id value = [selfvalueForKey:key];

if (value) {

switch (type[0]) {

case _C_STRUCT_B: {

NSUInteger ivarSize =0;

NSUInteger ivarAlignment =0;

NSGetSizeAndAlignment(type, &ivarSize, &ivarAlignment);

NSData *data = [NSDatadataWithBytes:(constchar *)self + ivar_getOffset(ivar)

length:ivarSize];

[encoder encodeObject:dataforKey:key];

}

break;

default:

[encoder encodeObject:value

forKey:key];

break;

}

free(ivars);

cls = class_getSuperclass(cls);

}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder {

self = [self init];

if (self) {

Class cls = [selfclass];

while (cls != [NSObjectclass]) {

unsigned int numberOfIvars =0;

Ivar* ivars = class_copyIvarList(cls, &numberOfIvars);

for(constIvar* p = ivars; p < ivars+numberOfIvars; p++){

Ivar const ivar = *p;

const char *type =ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar);

NSString *key = [NSStringstringWithUTF8String:ivar_getName(ivar)];

id value = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:key];

if (value) {

switch (type[0]) {

case _C_STRUCT_B: {

NSUInteger ivarSize =0;

NSUInteger ivarAlignment =0;

NSGetSizeAndAlignment(type, &ivarSize, &ivarAlignment);

NSData *data = [decoderdecodeObjectForKey:key];

char *sourceIvarLocation = (char*)self+ivar_getOffset(ivar);

[data getBytes:sourceIvarLocationlength:ivarSize];

}

break;

default:

[self setValue:[decoder decodeObjectForKey:key]

forKey:key];

break;

}

free(ivars);

cls = class_getSuperclass(cls);

}

return self;

}

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