数据算法与结构——引入篇

数据算法的引入

一个小例子：如果 a+b+c=1000，且 a^2+b2=c^2（a,b,c 为自然数），如何求出所有a、b、c可能的组合?

第一次尝试

import time

start_time = time.time()

# 注意是三重循环
for a in range(0, 1001):
    for b in range(0, 1001):
        for c in range(0, 1001):
            if a**2 + b**2 == c**2 and a+b+c == 1000:
                print("a, b, c: %d, %d, %d" % (a, b, c))

end_time = time.time()
print("elapsed: %f" % (end_time - start_time))
print("complete!")

第二次尝试

import time

start_time = time.time()

# 注意是两重循环
for a in range(0, 1001):
    for b in range(0, 1001-a):
        c = 1000 - a - b
        if a**2 + b**2 == c**2:
            print("a, b, c: %d, %d, %d" % (a, b, c))

end_time = time.time()
print("elapsed: %f" % (end_time - start_time))
print("complete!")

算法的提出

算法的效率衡量

def t1():
   l = []
   for i in range(1000):
      l = l + [i]
def t2():
   l = []
   for i in range(1000):
      l.append(i)
def t3():
   l = [i for i in range(1000)]
def t4():
   l = list(range(1000))

from timeit import Timer

timer1 = Timer("t1()", "from __main__ import t1")
print("concat ",timer1.timeit(number=1000))
timer2 = Timer("t2()", "from __main__ import t2")
print("append ",timer2.timeit(number=1000))
timer3 = Timer("t3()", "from __main__ import t3")
print("comprehension ",timer3.timeit(number=1000))
timer4 = Timer("t4()", "from __main__ import t4")
print("list range ",timer4.timeit(number=1000))

常见时间复杂层

python内质类型性能分析

数据结构