学习Java第二十二天：1、认识JSON 2、生成JSON 3、解析JSON

目录

1、认识JSON

2、生成JSON

3、解析JSON

---

1、认识JSON

1. 什么是JSON?

   JSON（JavaScript Object Notation ，JS对象简谱）是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。采用全完独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据。

   • 完全独立的

   • 文本格式的

   • 轻量级的

2. JSON的作用是什么？

   存储和表示数据的文本格式。

3. 如何编写JSON?

   JSON是由2个元素组成

   第一个元素，json对象

   格式：{名称：数据值，名称：数据值，名称：数据值......}

   键值对中的键要有“ ”，键值对中的值时间日期和字符串类型的数据需要" "。

   我们将java对象转换成json对象以后的结果：

   public class Student{
       private int id;
       private String name;
       private int age;
       private String address;
       
       getXXX()
       setXXX()
   }
   //java对象
   Student stu1 = new Student();
   stu1.setId(1001);
   stu1.setName("张三");
   stu1.setAge(26);
   stu1.setAddress("深圳");
   ​
   //json对象
   {"id":1001,"name":"张三","age":26,"address":"深圳"}

   第二个元素：json数组

   格式：[具体的数据值/json对象]

   我们将java集合/数组转换成json数组以后的结果。

   public class Student{
       private int id;
       private String name;
       private int age;
       private String address;
       
       getXXX()
       setXXX()
   }
   //java对象
   Student stu1 = new Student();
   stu1.setId(1001);
   stu1.setName("张三");
   stu1.setAge(26);
   stu1.setAddress("深圳");
   //java对象
   Student stu2 = new Student();
   stu2.setId(1002);
   stu2.setName("李四");
   stu2.setAge(28);
   stu2.setAddress("杭州");
   //java对象
   Student stu3 = new Student();
   stu3.setId(1003);
   stu3.setName("王五");
   stu3.setAge(23);
   stu3.setAddress("广州");
   //list集合
   List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
   studentList.add(stu1);
   studentList.add(stu2);
   studentList.add(stu3);
   ​
   //json数组
   [
       {"id":1001,"name":"张三","age":26,"address":"深圳"},
       {"id":1002,"name":"李四","age":28,"address":"杭州"},
       {"id":1003,"name":"王五","age":23,"address":"广州"}
   ]
   ​
   //java数组转成json数组
   //java数组
   String[] str = {"张三","李四","王五"};
   //json数组
   ["张三","李四","王五"]

   我们以后所面临的json数据都是互相嵌套的，json数组中有json对象，json对象中有json数组。

   当我们得到一个极其复杂的json数据后，搞不清楚这个json数据的结构。

   我们可以利用工具得到明晰的json数据的结构。

   //java对象
   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           Student stu1 = new Student();
           stu1.setId(1001);
           stu1.setName("张三");
           stu1.setAge(26);
           MyAddress myAddress1 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress1.setType("工作");
           myAddress1.setInfo("东环西路");
           MyAddress myAddress2 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress2.setType("家庭");
           myAddress2.setInfo("西环东路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray1 = {myAddress1,myAddress2};
           stu1.setAddress(addressArray1);
   ​
           Student stu2 = new Student();
           stu2.setId(1002);
           stu2.setName("李四");
           stu2.setAge(27);
           MyAddress myAddress3 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress3.setType("工作");
           myAddress3.setInfo("北环南路");
           MyAddress myAddress4 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress4.setType("家庭");
           myAddress4.setInfo("南环北路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray2 = {myAddress3,myAddress4};
           stu2.setAddress(addressArray2);
   ​
           List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
           studentList.add(stu1);
           studentList.add(stu2);
       }
   }
   //json对象
   [{
           "id": 1001,
           "name": "张三",
           "age": 26,
           "address": [{
               "type": "工作",
               "info": "东环西路"
           }, {
               "type": "家庭",
               "info": "西环东路"
           }]
       },
       {
           "id": 1002,
           "name": "李四",
           "age": 27,
           "address": [{
               "type": "工作",
               "info": "北环南路"
           }, {
               "type": "家庭",
               "info": "南环北路"
           }]
       }
   ]

2、生成JSON

1. json-simple-1.1.jar第三方的开发包生成json数据(json-simple-1.1.jar)

   //java对象
   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           Student stu1 = new Student();
           stu1.setId(1001);
           stu1.setName("张三");
           stu1.setAge(26);
           MyAddress myAddress1 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress1.setType("工作");
           myAddress1.setInfo("东环西路");
           MyAddress myAddress2 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress2.setType("家庭");
           myAddress2.setInfo("西环东路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray1 = {myAddress1,myAddress2};
           stu1.setAddress(addressArray1);
   ​
           Student stu2 = new Student();
           stu2.setId(1002);
           stu2.setName("李四");
           stu2.setAge(27);
           MyAddress myAddress3 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress3.setType("工作");
           myAddress3.setInfo("北环南路");
           MyAddress myAddress4 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress4.setType("家庭");
           myAddress4.setInfo("南环北路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray2 = {myAddress3,myAddress4};
           stu2.setAddress(addressArray2);
   ​
           List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
           studentList.add(stu1);
           studentList.add(stu2);
   ​
           String json1 = JSONHelper.createJson1(studentList);
           System.out.println(json1);
       }
   }
   ​
   public class JSONHelper {
       public static String createJson1(List<Student> studentList) {
           //创建studentList对应的json数组
           JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
           for (Student student : studentList) {
               JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
               jsonObject.put("id",student.getId());
               jsonObject.put("name",student.getName());
               jsonObject.put("age",student.getAge());
               JSONArray jsonArray1 = new JSONArray();
               MyAddress[] address = student.getAddress();
               for (MyAddress myAddress : address) {
                   JSONObject jsonObject1 = new JSONObject();
                   jsonObject1.put("type",myAddress.getType());
                   jsonObject1.put("info",myAddress.getInfo());
                   jsonArray1.add(jsonObject1);
               }
               jsonObject.put("address",jsonArray1);
               jsonArray.add(jsonObject);
           }
           return jsonArray.toString();
       }
   }

   

    

2. gson-2.8.0.jar第三方的开发包生成json数据(gson-2.8.9.jar)

   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           Student stu1 = new Student();
           stu1.setId(1001);
           stu1.setName("张三");
           stu1.setAge(26);
           MyAddress myAddress1 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress1.setType("工作");
           myAddress1.setInfo("东环西路");
           MyAddress myAddress2 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress2.setType("家庭");
           myAddress2.setInfo("西环东路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray1 = {myAddress1,myAddress2};
           stu1.setAddress(addressArray1);
   ​
           Student stu2 = new Student();
           stu2.setId(1002);
           stu2.setName("李四");
           stu2.setAge(27);
           MyAddress myAddress3 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress3.setType("工作");
           myAddress3.setInfo("北环南路");
           MyAddress myAddress4 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress4.setType("家庭");
           myAddress4.setInfo("南环北路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray2 = {myAddress3,myAddress4};
           stu2.setAddress(addressArray2);
   ​
           List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
           studentList.add(stu1);
           studentList.add(stu2);
   ​
           String json2 = JSONHelper.createJson2(studentList);
           System.out.println(json2);
       }
   }
   ​
   public class JSONHelper {
       public static String createJson2(List<Student> studentList) {
           Gson gson = new Gson();
           String result = gson.toJson(studentList);
           return result;
       }
   }

   

    

3. jackson第三方的开发包生成json数据(jackson-core-2.13.4.jar、jackson-databind-2.13.4.jar、json-simple-1.1.jar)

   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           Student stu1 = new Student();
           stu1.setId(1001);
           stu1.setName("张三");
           stu1.setAge(26);
           MyAddress myAddress1 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress1.setType("工作");
           myAddress1.setInfo("东环西路");
           MyAddress myAddress2 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress2.setType("家庭");
           myAddress2.setInfo("西环东路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray1 = {myAddress1,myAddress2};
           stu1.setAddress(addressArray1);
   ​
           Student stu2 = new Student();
           stu2.setId(1002);
           stu2.setName("李四");
           stu2.setAge(27);
           MyAddress myAddress3 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress3.setType("工作");
           myAddress3.setInfo("北环南路");
           MyAddress myAddress4 = new MyAddress();
           myAddress4.setType("家庭");
           myAddress4.setInfo("南环北路");
           MyAddress[] addressArray2 = {myAddress3,myAddress4};
           stu2.setAddress(addressArray2);
   ​
           List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
           studentList.add(stu1);
           studentList.add(stu2);
   ​
           String json3 = JSONHelper.createJson3(studentList);
           System.out.println(json3);
       }
   }
   ​
   public class JSONHelper {
       public static String createJson3(List<Student> studentList) throws Exception {
           ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
           String string = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(studentList);
           return string;
       }
   }

   

    

3、解析JSON

1. json-simple-1.1.jar第三方的开发包解析json数据(json-simple-1.1.jar)

   //解析Student.json: [{"id":1001,"name":"张三","age":26,"address":[{"type":"工作","info":"东环西路"},{"type":"家庭","info":"西环东路"}]},{"id":1002,"name":"李四","age":27,"address":[{"type":"工作","info":"北环南路"},{"type":"家庭","info":"南环北路"}]}]
   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           List<Student> studentList = JSONHelper.getStudentList("E:\\JAVA\\workspace_idea\\XMLStudy\\XML\\src\\com\\liwq\\json\\Student.json");
           for (Student student : studentList) {
               System.out.println("id=" + student.getId() + "name=" + student.getName() + "age=" + student.getAge() + "address=" + student.getAddress());
           }
       }
   }
   ​
   public class JSONHelper {
   ​
       public static List<Student> getStudentList(String fileName) throws Exception {
           List<Student> result = new ArrayList<>();
           //读取数据
           FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(new File(fileName));
           BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
           String jsonString = reader.readLine();
           reader.close();
           //解析
           JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();
           JSONArray parse = (JSONArray) jsonParser.parse(jsonString);
           for (int i = 0; i < parse.size(); i++) {
               Student student = new Student();
               JSONObject o = (JSONObject) parse.get(i);
               long idL = (Long) o.get("id");
               int id = (int)idL;
               student.setId(id);
               String name = (String) o.get("name");
               student.setName(name);
               long ageL = (Long) o.get("age");
               int age = (int)ageL;
               student.setAge(age);
               JSONArray address = (JSONArray) o.get("address");
               MyAddress[] addressArray = new MyAddress[address.size()];
               for (int i1 = 0; i1 < address.size(); i1++) {
                   MyAddress myAddress = new MyAddress();
                   JSONObject o1 = (JSONObject) address.get(i1);
                   String type = (String) o1.get("type");
                   myAddress.setType(type);
                   String info = (String) o1.get("info");
                   myAddress.setInfo(info);
                   addressArray[i1] = myAddress;
               }
               student.setAddress(addressArray);
               result.add(student);
           }
           return result;
       }
   }

   

    

2. gson-2.8.0.jar第三方的开发解析json数据(gson-2.8.9.jar)

   //解析Student.json: [{"id":1001,"name":"张三","age":26,"address":[{"type":"工作","info":"东环西路"},{"type":"家庭","info":"西环东路"}]},{"id":1002,"name":"李四","age":27,"address":[{"type":"工作","info":"北环南路"},{"type":"家庭","info":"南环北路"}]}]
   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           List<Student> studentList = JSONHelper.getStudentList("E:\\JAVA\\workspace_idea\\XMLStudy\\XML\\src\\com\\liwq\\json\\Student.json");
           for (Student student : studentList) {
               System.out.println("id=" + student.getId() + "name=" + student.getName() + "age=" + student.getAge() + "address=" + student.getAddress());
           }
       }
   }
   ​
   public class JSONHelper {
   ​
       public static List<Student> getStudentList(String fileName) throws Exception {
           Gson gson = new Gson();
           Type type = new TypeToken<List<Student>>() {
           }.getType();
           List<Student> studentList = gson.fromJson(new FileReader(new File(fileName)), type);
           return studentList;
       }
   }

3. jackson第三方的开发包解析json数据(jackson-core-2.13.4.jar、jackson-databind-2.13.4.jar、json-simple-1.1.jar)

   //解析Student.json: [{"id":1001,"name":"张三","age":26,"address":[{"type":"工作","info":"东环西路"},{"type":"家庭","info":"西环东路"}]},{"id":1002,"name":"李四","age":27,"address":[{"type":"工作","info":"北环南路"},{"type":"家庭","info":"南环北路"}]}]
   public class Main {
   ​
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           List<Student> studentList = JSONHelper.getStudentList("E:\\JAVA\\workspace_idea\\XMLStudy\\XML\\src\\com\\liwq\\json\\Student.json");
           for (Student student : studentList) {
               System.out.println("id=" + student.getId() + "name=" + student.getName() + "age=" + student.getAge() + "address=" + student.getAddress());
           }
       }
   }
   ​
   public class JSONHelper {
   ​
       public static List<Student> getStudentList(String fileName) throws Exception {
           List<Student> result = new ArrayList<>();
           ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
           JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(new File(fileName));
           for (int i = 0; i < jsonNode.size(); i++) {
               Student student = new Student();
               JsonNode jsonNode1 = jsonNode.get(i);
               int id = jsonNode1.get("id").asInt();
               student.setId(id);
               String name = jsonNode1.get("name").asText();
               student.setName(name);
               int age = jsonNode1.get("age").asInt();
               student.setAge(age);
               JsonNode address = jsonNode1.get("address");
               MyAddress[] myAddresses = new MyAddress[address.size()];
               for (int i1 = 0; i1 < address.size(); i1++) {
                   MyAddress myAddress = new MyAddress();
                   JsonNode jsonNode2 = address.get(i1);
                   String type = jsonNode2.get("type").asText();
                   myAddress.setType(type);
                   String info = jsonNode2.get("info").asText();
                   myAddress.setInfo(info);
                   myAddresses[i1] = myAddress;
               }
               student.setAddress(myAddresses);
               result.add(student);
           }
           return result;
       }
   }