python-装饰器

python-装饰器

开放封闭原则

手写装饰器函数

闭包与简单的装饰器

# 极简闭包装饰器
def decorator(func):
    def f():
        func()
    return f()
def myfunc():
    pass
decorator(func=myfunc)

import time
def decorator(func):
    def f():
        t0 = time.time()
        func()
        print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')
    return f()

def myfunc():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('myfunc11111')

def myfunc2():
    time.sleep(2)
    print('myfunc2222')

decorator(func=myfunc)
decorator(func=myfunc2)

装饰器 @ 语法糖

@use_time myfunc 相当于use_time(myfunc)(*args, **kwargs)

import time
def use_time(func):
    def f():
        t0 = time.time()
        func()
        print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')
    return f

@use_time
def myfunc():
    time.sleep(0.5)
    print('myfunc11111')

@use_time
def myfunc2():
    time.sleep(0.6)
    print('myfunc2222')
    
myfunc()
myfunc2()

import time
def use_time(func):
    def f(*args):
        t0 = time.time()
        func(*args)
        print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')
    return f

@use_time
def add(num0, num1):
    time.sleep(0.5)
    print(f'{num0} + {num1} = {num0 + num1}')

add(3, 4)

类装饰器

call 把class变成一个可调用对象

import time
class UseTime:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def __call__(self, sleep_time, **kwargs):
        t0 = time.time()
        time.sleep(sleep_time)
        print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')
UseTime()(sleep_time=0.3)

类装饰器就是用 call 把class变成一个可调用对象

import time
class UseTime:
    def __init__(self, func):
        self.func = func

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        t0 = time.time()
        self.func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')

@UseTime
def add(num0, num1):
    time.sleep(0.5)
    print(f'{num0} + {num1} = {num0 + num1}')

def add_str(str0, str1):
    time.sleep(0.3)
    print(f'{str0} + {str1} = {str0 + str1}')

add(3, 4)
UseTime(add_str)('fsdf', 'ddfgds')

含参类装饰器

再 call 中建立一个闭包，相当于闭包中的闭包

import time
class UseTime:
    def __init__(self, sleep_time=0):
        self.sleep_time = sleep_time

    def __call__(self, func):
        print(f'=================Usetime for {func.__name__} : ')
        self.func = func
        def f(*args, **kwargs):
            t0 = time.time()
            print(f'sleep time: {self.sleep_time}', end=' ')
            time.sleep(self.sleep_time)
            print(f'end！')
            self.func(*args, **kwargs)
            print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')
        return f

@UseTime(2)
def add(num0, num1):
    # time.sleep(0.5)
    print(f'{num0} + {num1} = {num0 + num1}')

# @UseTime(0.2)
def add_str(str0, str1):
    # time.sleep(0.3)
    print(f'{str0} + {str1} = {str0 + str1}')

add(3, 4)
UseTime(0.2)(add_str)('fsdf', 'ddfgds')

装饰器执行顺序

从上到下顺序压栈

import time


def print_func_name(func):
    def f(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f'-----------------{func.__name__}() run start!--------------------')
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f'-----------------{func.__name__}() run end!--------------------')

    return f


class UseTime:
    def __init__(self, sleep_time=0):
        print(f'=================Usetime __init__ start ')
        self.sleep_time = sleep_time
        print(f'sleep_time = {sleep_time}')

    def __call__(self, func):
        print(f'=================Usetime __call__ 0000000 for {func.__name__} : ')
        self.func = func

        def f(*args, **kwargs):
            print(f'=================Usetime __call__ f() start  for {func.__name__} : ')
            t0 = time.time()
            time.sleep(self.sleep_time)
            self.func(*args, **kwargs)
            print(f'=================Usetime __call__ f() end  for {func.__name__} : ')
            print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')

        return f


@print_func_name
@UseTime(2)
def add(num0, num1):
    # time.sleep(0.5)
    print(f'add start!')
    print(f'{num0} + {num1} = {num0 + num1}')
    print(f'add start!')


add(5, 6)
'''
结果：
sleep_time = 2
=================Usetime __call__ 0000000 for add : 
-----------------f() run start!--------------------
=================Usetime __call__ f() start  for add : 
add start!
5 + 6 = 11
add start!
=================Usetime __call__ f() end  for add : 
urs time：76.14536690711975
-----------------f() run end!--------------------
'''

import time
def print_func_name(func):
    def f(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f'-----------------print_func_name {func}() run start!--------------------')
        func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f'-----------------print_func_name {func}() run end!--------------------')

    return f

class UseTime:
    def __init__(self, func):
        print(f'=================Usetime __init__ start ')
        self.func = func

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print(f'=================Usetime __call__ f() start  for {self.func.__name__} : ')
        t0 = time.time()
        self.func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f'=================Usetime __call__ f() end  for {self.func.__name__} : ')
        print(f'urs time：{time.time() - t0}')

# @print_func_name
# @UseTime
# @print_func_name
@UseTime
@print_func_name
def add(num0, num1):
    time.sleep(0.5)
    print(f'add start!')
    print(f'{num0} + {num1} = {num0 + num1}')
    print(f'add start!')

add(5, 6)
# UseTime(add)(1,2)
'''
结果：
=================Usetime __init__ start 
=================Usetime __call__ f() start  for f : 
-----------------print_func_name <function test2.<locals>.add at 0x000001DD1DDD2F80>() run start!--------------------
add start!
5 + 6 = 11
add start!
-----------------print_func_name <function test2.<locals>.add at 0x000001DD1DDD2F80>() run end!--------------------
=================Usetime __call__ f() end  for f : 
urs time：0.5003499984741211
'''

参考文献

• 【Python】一文弄懂python装饰器（附源码例子） - CSDN博客

• python特殊函数__call__(self) - 知乎