SpringMVC学习笔记

学习链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WZ4y1P7Bp?p=42

1. Spring与Web环境集成

首先搭建一个Web项目
工程目录结构如下：

pom.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.abner</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_mvc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

dao层：

• UserDao接口

package com.abner.dao;

public interface UserDao {
   

    public void save();

}

• UserDaoImpl实现类

package com.abner.dao.impl;

import com.abner.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
   
    @Override
    public void save() {
   
        System.out.println("UserDao save running..........");
    }
}

service层

• UserService接口

package com.abner.service;

public interface UserService {
   

    public void save();

}

• UserServiceImpl实现类

package com.abner.service.impl;

import com.abner.dao.UserDao;
import com.abner.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
   

    UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
   
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
   
        userDao.save();
        System.out.println("UserService save running........");
    }
}

applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--加载外部properties文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
    <bean id="dataSource1" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="dataSource2" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--配置Dao-->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.abner.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

    <!--配置Service-->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.abner.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yuanshen
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

web层

• UserServlet类

package com.abner.web;

import com.abner.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

web.xml文件：https://blog.csdn.net/Vermont_/article/details/109055686
web.xml的学名叫做部署描述文件（DD），它不是Spring所特有的，而是在Servlet规范中定义的，是web应用的配置文件。
在tomcat容器启动后，会寻找项目中的web.xml文件，加载其中的信息，并创建一个ServletContext上下文对象，以后再web应用中可以获得其中的值。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.abner.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml文件的作用是当我们把项目部署到tomcat上，我们可以通过localhost:8080/userServlet映射到名称为UserServlet所对应的的类，执行其doGet方法。

部署：
1、在idea右上角

2、点击+号

3、选择Tomcat Server—》Local

4、点击Deployment—》点击+号-----》点击Artifact…

5、选择xxx:war:exploded

6、点击ok部署完毕

7、点击运行

8、网页上输入http://localhost:8080/userServlet，在控制台可以看见doGet方法运行成功

1.1 ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

这句代码的作用是，加载xml配置文件来创建Spring容器
应用上下文对象是通过new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(Spring配置文件) 方式获取的，但每次从容器中获得Bean时都要编写new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(Spring配置文件) ，这样的弊端是配置文件加载多次，应用上下文对象创建多次。

在Web项目中，可以使用ServletContextListener监听Web应用启动，我们可以在Web应用启动时，就加载Spring的配置文件，创建应用上下文对象ApplicationContext，再将其存储到最大的域servletContext域中，这样就可以在任意位置从域中获得应用上下文ApplicationContext对象了

创建监听器加载ApplicationContext

ContextLoaderListener类：

package com.abner.listener;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
   
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
   //上下文初始化方法
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");