ubuntu挂载磁盘

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首先查看一下磁盘信息
lsblk

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:~$ lsblk
NAME         MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
...(省略
sda            8:0    0   7.3T  0 disk 
├─sda1         8:1    0   3.8G  0 part /media/llxy/32594cb4-2fba-402f-93ca-910eb2a8cc42
├─sda2         8:2    0 193.2G  0 part /media/llxy/c6a44be7-232a-45ad-b1cf-eb75a8c16814
├─sda3         8:3    0 456.4G  0 part /data1
├─sda4         8:4    0     3T  0 part /media/llxy/1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94
├─sda5         8:5    0   3.5T  0 part /media/llxy/4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a
└─sda6         8:6    0 186.3G  0 part 
...(省略

可以看到sda下的sda3现在已经是挂载在/data1下，sda下其他磁盘还没有被挂载在Ubuntu

临时挂载（重启就会取消挂载）

1. 创建挂载目标文件（如果有可以省略）
sudo mkdir /test-mount

2. 查看磁盘信息
df -h

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:~$ df -h
文件系统         容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
...(省略
/dev/sda2        190G   61M  180G    1% /media/llxy/c6a44be7-232a-45ad-b1cf-eb75a8c16814
/dev/sda4        3.0T   89M  2.9T    1% /media/llxy/1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94
/dev/sda5        3.5T   89M  3.3T    1% /media/llxy/4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a

比如我想要挂载sda2，主要看最前面的信息，sda2的文件路径是/dev/sda2

3. 挂载

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /test-mount

4. 查看挂载信息

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:/$ df -h
文件系统         容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
...(省略
/dev/sda2        190G   61M  180G    1% /test-mount
/dev/sda4        3.0T   89M  2.9T    1% /media/llxy/1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94
/dev/sda5        3.5T   89M  3.3T    1% /media/llxy/4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a

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永久挂载

比如想要永久挂载sda1，利用
df -h
得到路径为/dev/sda1

1. 查看磁盘的UUID

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:~$ sudo blkid
...（省略
/dev/sda1: UUID="32594cb4-2fba-402f-93ca-910eb2a8cc42" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="611cb9f8-90ab-4324-a5c4-bc07bc775aad"
/dev/sda2: UUID="c6a44be7-232a-45ad-b1cf-eb75a8c16814" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="fd4844c5-da0b-49a4-af19-c453384d4bc0"
/dev/sda3: UUID="0614ebf3-448b-4b8c-91e1-3094372ade8e" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="43e4ed90-d413-4137-bfb7-1dbcac173a73"
/dev/sda4: UUID="1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="cb85ffea-5442-4e7e-8b8d-cc2744938fbb"
/dev/sda5: UUID="4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="ecd81725-b79e-4767-a3b2-16ff1a16747e"
/dev/sda6: UUID="5dffdcd2-2fff-40c1-8bdf-c571a200102d" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="af6acae9-a819-4608-b1f4-9c8187dcae20"
...（省略

通过上面的命令找到/dev/sda1的UUID，最好复制一下

2. 编辑/etc/fstab文件

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:~$ sudo vim /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p9 during installation
UUID=abc3c494-86a0-4841-80d6-b4386bd0fca4 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/nvme0n1p10 during installation
UUID=622f0a91-6b1e-40d7-b273-8620cedffd3a /boot           ext4    defaults        0       2
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation
UUID=4C27-FEFA  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
# /home was on /dev/nvme0n1p12 during installation
UUID=0b0d4c5a-cf58-4597-a2ea-7bd17418a313 /home           ext4    defaults        0       2
# swap was on /dev/nvme0n1p11 during installation
UUID=2561f284-5c32-4ef3-92e8-db73743591cc none            swap    sw              0       0
#here is the disk I mounted myself 
UUID=0614ebf3-448b-4b8c-91e1-3094372ade8e /data1        ext4    defaults        0       1
#在后面加入一行新的挂载信息
UUID="32594cb4-2fba-402f-93ca-910eb2a8cc42" /boot       ext4    defaults        0       2
~                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

参数含义

这里需要配置6个参数，file system，mount point，type，options，dump，pass；

• file system

  文件系统，参考默认的fstab来看，这里只需要把硬盘的UUID正确配置即可；可以通过指令blkid，查看硬盘的UUID；

• mount point

  挂载路径，最终硬盘会被挂载到配置的这个路径下，但是这个路径必须先存在，提前创建好这个路径即可；

• type

  硬盘的文件系统类型，相应的有ntfs，ext4，fat，vfat等等，这里要根据实际情况设置，同样的也可以通过指令blkid，查看硬盘的TYPE；

• options

   option----------------------description 
   defaults--------------------use default options: rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.  
   noauto---------------------do not mount when “mount -a” is given (e.g., at boot time)  
   user------------------------allow a user to mount 
   owner----------------------allow device owner to mount  
   comment or x- ----------for use by fstab-maintaining programs  
   nofail-----------------------do not report errors for this device if it does not exist.
  

• dump

  这个参数用来检查文件系统以多快频率进行备份，系统将认为其值为0，则不需要进行备份；设置成1暂时也没有实践过；

• pass

  这个参数用来决定在启动时需要被fsck扫描的文件系统的顺序，根文件系统"/"对应该字段的值应该为1，其他的应该逐渐递增，如果设置为0则表示不扫描。

3. 更新

 sudo mount -a

4. 检查

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:~$ lsblk
NAME         MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
...(省略
sda            8:0    0   7.3T  0 disk 
├─sda1         8:1    0   3.8G  0 part /boot
├─sda2         8:2    0 193.2G  0 part /media/llxy/c6a44be7-232a-45ad-b1cf-eb75a8c16814
├─sda3         8:3    0 456.4G  0 part /data1
├─sda4         8:4    0     3T  0 part /media/llxy/1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94
├─sda5         8:5    0   3.5T  0 part /media/llxy/4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a
└─sda6         8:6    0 186.3G  0 part 
...（省略

挂载成功

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注意事项

如果报错情况可能需要如下操作：

a. 解挂载

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:/$ sudo umount /test-mount
llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:/$ df -h
文件系统         容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
...(省略
/dev/sda2        190G   61M  180G    1% /media/llxy/c6a44be7-232a-45ad-b1cf-eb75a8c16814
/dev/sda4        3.0T   89M  2.9T    1% /media/llxy/1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94
/dev/sda5        3.5T   89M  3.3T    1% /media/llxy/4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a

b. 格式化

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:/$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2

c. 再次进行上面的挂载步骤即可成功（这里举例为临时挂载，永久挂载也是同理）

llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:/$ sudo mount /dev/sda2 /test-mount-new
llxy@llxy-GS65-Stealth-9SD:/$ df -h
文件系统         容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
...(省略
/dev/sda2        190G   61M  180G    1% /test-mount-new
/dev/sda4        3.0T   89M  2.9T    1% /media/llxy/1acd2865-ea43-4fb2-a56a-192e43d23e94
/dev/sda5        3.5T   89M  3.3T    1% /media/llxy/4efedcff-6b6e-4d4d-b8f6-e337440af04a