tensorflow 自然语言处理 读书笔记 24-30 0828

本文用于记录下自己的学习过程

一、输入、变量、输出和操作

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import os

# Defining the graph and session

graph = tf.Graph() # Creates a graph
session = tf.InteractiveSession(graph=graph) # Creates a session

# Building the graph

# A placeholder is an symbolic input
x = tf.placeholder(shape=[1,10],dtype=tf.float32,name='x') 

# Variable
W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform(shape=[10,5], minval=-0.1, maxval=0.1, dtype=tf.float32),name='W') 
# Variable
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros(shape=[5],dtype=tf.float32),name='b') 

h = tf.nn.sigmoid(tf.matmul(x,W) + b) # Operation to be performed

# Executing operations and evaluating nodes in the graph
tf.global_variables_initializer().run() # Initialize the variables

# Run the operation by providing a value to the symbolic input x
h_eval = session.run(h,feed_dict={x: np.random.rand(1,10)}) 

print(h_eval)
session.close() # Frees all the resources associated with the session

用餐厅点餐的例子来说，
graph中的每一个小项相当于你点的菜，所有你点的菜（订单）来组成整个graph
服务员相当于session，他将你的订单传达到后台，当你走了之后这个session就结束了

服务员收到订单之后将订单告诉厨房经理，厨房经理此时相当于分布式中的主服务器
厨房经理将需要的菜分配给两个worker，worker1是主厨（操作执行器），worker2是厨师（参数服务器）

graph中定义自变量需要用tf.placeholder（占位符）、定义参数常量用variable（可变）constant（不可变）、定义函数tf.nn.sigmoid（或其他函数）可以用tf.cast来进行类型转换如：tf.cast(x,dtype=tf.float32)

大体执行过程：

先申请graph session，然后定义其中的自变量，参数常量，需要的一些函数，然后调用session.run得到输出结果。

 

二、通道

通道是用来处理大量数据的。使用并行的方式来处理数据，主要用于可以从硬盘中读取数据，然后提供给需要处理的函数，包含以下元素：

1. 文件名列表
2. 文件名队列，用于为输入读取器生成文件名
3. 记录读取器
4. 解码器，用于解码读取的记录
5. 预处理步骤（可选）
6. 解码输入的队列 

# Defining the graph and session
graph = tf.Graph() # Creates a graph
session = tf.InteractiveSession(graph=graph) # Creates a session

# The filename queue
filenames = ['test%d.txt'%i for i in range(1,4)]
filename_queue = tf.train.string_input_producer(filenames, capacity=3, shuffle=True,name='string_input_producer')

# check if all files are there
for f in filenames:
    if not tf.gfile.Exists(f):
        raise ValueError('Failed to find file: ' + f)
    else:
        print('File %s found.'%f)

# Reader which takes a filename queue and 
# read() which outputs data one by one
reader = tf.TextLineReader()

# ready the data of the file and output as key,value pairs 
# We're discarding the key
key, value = reader.read(filename_queue, name='text_read_op')

# if any problems encountered with reading file 
# this is the value returned
record_defaults = [[-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0], [-1.0]]

# decoding the read value to columns
col1, col2, col3, col4, col5, col6, col7, col8, col9, col10 = tf.decode_csv(value, record_defaults=record_defaults)
features = tf.stack([col1, col2, col3, col4, col5, col6, col7, col8, col9, col10])

# output x is randomly assigned a batch of data of batch_size 
# where the data is read from the txt files
x = tf.train.shuffle_batch([features], batch_size=3,
                           capacity=5, name='data_batch', 
                           min_after_dequeue=1,num_threads=1)

# QueueRunner retrieve data from queues and we need to explicitly start them
# Coordinator coordinates multiple QueueRunners
coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(coord=coord, sess=session)

# Building the graph by defining the variables and calculations

W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform(shape=[10,5], minval=-0.1, maxval=0.1, dtype=tf.float32),name='W') # Variable
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros(shape=[5],dtype=tf.float32),name='b') # Variable

h = tf.nn.sigmoid(tf.matmul(x,W) + b) # Operation to be performed

# Executing operations and evaluating nodes in the graph
tf.global_variables_initializer().run() # Initialize the variables

# Calculate h with x and print the results for 5 steps
for step in range(5):
    x_eval, h_eval = session.run([x,h]) 
    print('========== Step %d =========='%step)
    print('Evaluated data (x)')
    print(x_eval)
    print('Evaluated data (h)')
    print(h_eval)
    print('')

# We also need to explicitly stop the coordinator 
# otherwise the process will hang indefinitely
coord.request_stop()
coord.join(threads)
session.close()

x = tf.train.shuffle_batch([features], batch_size=3,
                           capacity=5, name='data_batch', 
                           min_after_dequeue=1,num_threads=1)

batch_size是采样的 批次大小，capacity是数据队列的容量，min_after_dequeue是出队后留在队列中的最小元素数量。

num_threads定义用于生成一批数据的线程数，tf.train.shuffle_batch函数对应生成通道。

 

coord = tf.train.Coordinator()//线程管理器
threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(coord=coord, sess=session)//创建线程