Selenium 自动化测试（三）

Selenium WebDriver 对应的角色

• 工程师写自动化测试代码：发请求给浏览器驱动
• 浏览器驱动：解析代码后发生至浏览器
• 浏览器：执行浏览器驱动发来的指令，最终完成工程师定义的操作

Selenium WebDriver 和浏览器的通信

Selenium WebDriver 协议

webDriver 使用的协议是：JSON Wire protocol
数据格式是：JSON

Selenium WebDriver

Selenium WebDriver 常用属性

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep


class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.maximize_window()
    def test_prop(self):
        print(f"driver name is: {self.driver.name}")
        print(f"driver title is: {self.driver.title}")
        print(f"driver title is: {self.driver.current_url}")
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.test_prop()

执行结果为：

C:\Python3.7.6\python.exe C:\Users\yolan\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\Demo.py 
driver name is: chrome
driver title is: 百度一下，你就知道
driver title is: https://www.baidu.com/

Process finished with exit code 0

Selenium WebDriver 常用动作

Browser的回退 back，刷新 refresh，前进 forward 和关闭 close/quit

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep


class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def test(self):
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('selenium')
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.back() #回退
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.refresh() #刷新
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.forward() #前进
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.close() #关闭当前tab
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit() # 推出浏览器，关闭所有

if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.test()

Browser 多个 tab 间切换

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep


class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.maximize_window()
   
    def test_switch(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '新闻').click()
        windows = self.driver.window_handles
        i = 0
        while i < 10:
            for w in windows:
                self.driver.switch_to.window(w)
                i += 1
                sleep(2)
        self.driver.close()
        self.driver.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.test_switch()

Selenium WebElement

Selenium WebElement 属性

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep


class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def testWebElement(self):
        e = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw')
        e.send_keys('selenium')
        print(f"ID is: {e.id}")
        print(f"size is: {e.size}")
        print(f"rect is: {e.rect}")
        print(f"tag is: {e.tag_name}")
        print(f"text is: {e.text}")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.testWebElement()

执行结果：

C:\Python3.7.6\python.exe C:\Users\yolan\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\Demo.py 
ID is: 0dc98c86-d2bc-4c62-a408-6b7017482e8c
size is: {'height': 38, 'width': 503}
rect is: {'height': 38, 'width': 503, 'x': 765, 'y': 17}
tag is: input
text is: 

Process finished with exit code 0

Selenium WebElement 动作

下拉列表常用方法

Selenium 弹出框

• Alter：提示
• Confirm：确认
• Prompt：输入内容
  

Selenium 等待

Selenium 等待方式

• 固定等待： time.sleep，不建议用于实际运行脚本；建议脚本调试过程使用，方便快捷

• implicitly_wait/隐式等待: 对整个driver起作用，在最开始设置一次就可以

  self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
  

• WebDriverWait/显示等待：两个方法 util 和util_not

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def testWait(self):
        wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 2)
        wait.until(EC.title_is('百度一下，你就知道'))
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('selenium')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.testWait()

Selenium 等待条件

Selenium 鼠标和键盘事件

封装在ActionChains类中

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def test_mouse(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('selenium')
        btn = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su')
        ActionChains(self.driver).click(btn).perform()#单击
        sleep(2)
        ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(btn).perform()#双击
        sleep(2)
        ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(btn).perform()#点击右键
        sleep(2)
        self.driver.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.test_mouse()