目录:
一、沙盒机制
二、用户偏好设置
三、归档
一、沙盒机制
iOS应用沙盒结构分析
1 //获取home目录
2 NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();
3 NSLog(@"home%@",homePath);
4
5 //获取documents目录
6 //方式1:
7 NSArray *documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
8 NSString *documentsPath = [documents lastObject];
9 NSLog(@"%@",documentsPath);
10 //方式2:拼接字符串
11 NSString *documentPath2 = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"];
12 NSLog(@"documenPath2:%@",documentPath2);
13
14 //获取caches缓存目录
15 NSArray *caches = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
16 NSString *cachesPath = [caches lastObject];
17 NSLog(@"cachesPath:%@",cachesPath);
18
19 //获取临时目录
20 NSString *tmp = NSTemporaryDirectory();
21 NSLog(@"tmp:%@",tmp);
22
23 //在documents目录下创建文件
24 NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
25 NSString *fileName = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"1.txt"];
26 NSString *str = @"hello world";
27 NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
28
29 if ([fm createFileAtPath:fileName contents:data attributes:nil]) {
30 NSLog(@"file create successful");
31 }
32
33 //读出文件的内容
34 NSError *error = nil;
35
36 NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:fileName encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
37 if (!error) {
38 NSLog(@"str2:%@",str2);
39 }
40 else
41 {
42 NSLog(@"%@",error);
43 }
44 //NSBundle对象:图片、xib、storyBoard、plist文件都是放在应用程序包中
45 NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
46 //获取包中文件的路径;
47 NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"array" ofType:@"plist"];
48 //加载包中的xib文件
49 NSArray *views = [bundle loadNibNamed:@"cell" owner:self options:nil];
二、Preference(用户偏好设置)
很多iOS应⽤用都⽀持偏好设置,⽐如保存⽤户名、密码、字体⼤小等设置, iOS提供了⼀套标准的解决⽅案来为应用加⼊偏好设置功能
每个应⽤都有个NSUserDefaults实例,通过它来存取偏好设置。
1)偏好设置是专门用来保存应用程序的配置信息的, 一般情况不要在偏好设置中保存其他数据。如果利用系统的偏好设置来存储数据, 默认就是存储在Preferences文件夹下面的,偏好设置会将所有的数据都保存到同一个文件中。
2)使用偏好设置对数据进行保存之后, 它保存到系统的时间是不确定的,会在将来某一时间点自动将数据保存到Preferences文件夹下面,如果需要即刻将数据存储,可以使用[defaults synchronize];
3)注意点:所有的信息都写在一个文件中,对比简单的plist可以保存和读取基本的数据类型。
4)步骤:获取NSuserDefaults,保存(读取)数据
代码参考如下:
创建用户偏好设置,保存信息
#import "AppDelegate.h"
......
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//创建用户偏好设置对象
NSUserDefaults *userDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[userDefaults setObject:@"admin" forKey:@"userName"];
[userDefaults setObject:@"123456" forKey:@"userPassword"];
[userDefaults setInteger:2 forKey:@"loginTime"];
[userDefaults setObject: [NSDate date] forKey:@"loginDate"];
//同步保存
[userDefaults synchronize];
NSLog(@"%@",NSHomeDirectory());
return YES;
}
......
//创建偏好设置,读取信息(注意:NSUserDefaults是单例对象)
#import "ViewController.h"
......
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
NSUserDefaults *userDefault = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
NSString *userName = [userDefault objectForKey:@"userName"];
NSString *userPassword = [userDefault objectForKey:@"userPassword"];
NSInteger loginTime = [userDefault integerForKey:@"loginTime"];
NSDate *loginDate = [userDefault objectForKey:@"loginDate"];
NSDateFormatter *df = [[NSDateFormatter alloc]init];
NSString *Date = [df stringFromDate:loginDate];
NSLog(@"%@,%@,%ld,%@",userName,userPassword,loginTime,loginDate);
}
......
注意:UserDefaults设置数据时,不是立即写入,而是根据时间戳定时地把缓存中的数据写⼊本地磁盘。所以调⽤了set方法之后数据有可能还没有写入磁盘应用程序就终止了。出现以上问题,可以通过调⽤synchornize方法强制写入。
三、NSKeyedArchiver(归档)
1.如果对象是NSString、NSDictionary、NSArray、NSData、NSNumber等类型,可以直接⽤用NSKeyedArchiver进⾏行归档和恢复
//创建需要归档的对象数据
NSArray *array = @[@1,@2,@4,@3];
//创建拼接路径
NSArray *documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *path = [documents lastObject];
NSString *archiverPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archiver.arc"];
//执行归档操作
if ([NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:array toFile:archiverPath])
{
NSLog(@"归档成功");
}
else
{
NSLog(@"归档失败");
}
//打印Home目录
NSLog(@"%@",NSHomeDirectory());
//解归档操作
NSArray *array2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:archiverPath];
NSLog(@"%@",array2);
2.不是所有的对象都可以直接用这种方法进行归档,只有遵守了NSCoding协议的对象才可以,NSCoding协议有2个⽅方法: 实例变量,可以使用encodeObject:forKey:⽅法归档实例变量
ViewController.m文件代码如下:
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Person.h"
......
[super viewDidLoad];
Person *person = [[Person alloc]init];
person.name = @"zhangsan";
person.age = 22;
person.gender = 'F';
//拼接保存路径
NSArray *documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *path = [documents lastObject];
NSString *archiverPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archiver.arc"];
//执行归档操作
if ([NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:person toFile:archiverPath]) {
NSLog(@"归档成功");
}
else
{
NSLog(@"归档失败");
}
NSLog(@"%@",NSHomeDirectory());
//解归档,创建新的对象
Person *person2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:archiverPath];
NSLog(@"%@",person2);
.....
Person.m代码如下:
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(NSInteger)age andGender:(char)gender
{
if (self = [super init]) {
_name = [name copy];
_age = age;
_gender = gender;
}
return self;
}
-(NSString *)description
{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@,age:%ld,gender:%c",_name,_age,_gender];
}
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
[aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
[aCoder encodeInteger:self.age forKey:@"age"];
[aCoder encodeInteger:self.gender forKey:@"gender"];
}
-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"age"];
self.gender = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"gender"];
return self;
}
@end
NSKeyedArchiver-归档对象的注意如果⽗类也遵守了NSCoding协议,请注意:
应该在encodeWithCoder:⽅法中加上⼀一句 [super encodeWithCode:encode];
确保继承的实例变量也能被编码,即也能被归档
应该在initWithCoder:⽅法中加上⼀一句self = [super initWithCoder:decoder];
确保继承的实例变量也能被解码,即也能被恢复
3.NSData进行多个对象归档
NSString *userName = @"zhangsan";
NSInteger age = 22;
NSString *address = @"北京尚学堂";
//创建一个可变数据区,用于保存对象
NSMutableData *data = [[NSMutableData alloc]init];
//拼接路径
NSArray *documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *path = [documents lastObject];
NSString *archiverPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archiver.arc"];
//创建归档对象,将要归档的对象加入data可变数据区中
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc]initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
//归档操作
[archiver encodeObject:userName forKey:@"name"];
[archiver encodeInteger:age forKey:@"age"];
[archiver encodeObject:address forKey:@"address"];
//结束归档
[archiver finishEncoding];
//将data的数据写入到文件中,保存起来。
[data writeToFile:archiverPath atomically:YES];
//创建新的可变数据区
NSMutableData *data2 = [NSMutableData dataWithContentsOfFile:archiverPath];
//解归档操作
NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc]initForReadingWithData:data2];
NSString *name = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"name" ];
NSInteger age2 = [unarchiver decodeIntegerForKey:@"age"];
NSString *address2 = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"address"];
NSLog(@"name:%@,age:%ld,address:%@",name,age2,address2);