matplotlib.pyplot笔记

matplotlib.pyplot Notebook

由于使用emacs-org进行编辑，为方便暂且使用英文

Table of Contents

1. basic point
2. basic elements
3. line graph
   1. axis:
   2. line
      1. markers
      2. method 1
      3. method 2
      4. method 3
   3. legend, label and title
   4. grid
   5. get attributes
4. histogram
   1. return
   2. instance
5. pie chart
   1. instance
6. bar graph
   1. instance
   2. distinguish between bar-graph and histogram
7. scatter
   1. parameters
   2. instance
8. subplot
   1. method subplot()
   2. method subplots()
      1. nrows, ncols:
      2. sharex, sharey:
      3. squeeze:
      4. return
      5. instance
9. image
10. fill
11. stuffs
12. colors
13. xkcd-mode

basic point

hold: whether to hold all lines on same picture,
or del previous lines when drawing new ones

basic elements

axis: x, y, banners, scales, limits

gridline: .lw: linewidth, .alpha: alpha

line graph

axis:

# simply use axis()
plt.axis([0, 10, 0, 1])
# or use following methods
plt.xlim(0, 10)
plt.ylim(0, 1)

line

markers

1. linestyles

   ’-’ solid line style

   ’–’ dashed line style

   ’-.’ dash-dot line style

   ’:’ dotted line style

2. dot-markers

   ’.’ point marker

   ’,’ pixel marker

   ’o’ circle marker

   ’v’ triangle_down marker

   ’^’ triangle_up marker

   ’<’ triangle_left marker

   ’>’ triangle_right marker

   ’1’ tri_down marker

   ’2’ tri_up marker

   ’3’ tri_left marker

   ’4’ tri_right marker

   ’s’ square marker

   ’p’ pentagon marker

   ‘*’ star marker

   ’h’ hexagon1 marker

   ’H’ hexagon2 marker

   ’+’ plus marker

   ’x’ x marker

   ’D’ diamond marker

   ’d’ thin_diamond marker

   ’|’ vline marker

   ’_’ hline marker

3. colors

   ’b’ blue

   ’r’ red

   ’g’ green

   ’c’ cyan

   ’m’ magenta

   ’y’ yellow

   ’w’ white

   ’k’ black

4. linewidth

   (real number)

method 1

directly set in plot()

plt.plot(x, y, ',:m', linewidth = 0.2)
plt.plot(x, y, color = 'm', linestyle = ':', marker = ',',
               linewidth = 0.2)
plt.plot(x, y, color = 'magenta',
               linestyle = 'dotted',
               marker = 'pixel',
               linewidth = 0.2)

method 2

set with set()

line = plt.plot(range(5))[0]
line.set(color = 'm', linewidth = 0.2, )

method 3

set multiple lines with setp()

lines = plt.plot(range(5), range(8, 13))
plt.setp(lines, color = 'm', linewidth = 0.2, )

legend, label and title

remember to use legend() to activate labels

plt.plot(x, y, label = 'y = sinx')# set a legend
plt.legend()# activate

plt.xlabel('x axis')
plt.ylabel('y axis'