懒加载问题
场景:
使用Spring Data Jpa对process
表进行查询。与该表对应的实体 Process
关联了 Student
、Lesson
实体类,他们所映射的数据表也都以外键的形式关联在一起。
Process
实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
@Entity
@Table(name = "process")
public class Process {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
@ManyToOne
private Student student;
@ManyToOne
private Lesson lesson;
private int questionNo;
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
private Date startTime;
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
private Date endTime;
}
1. 实体类中的问题
Student
实体类
查询打印student列表时不能输出关联的process列表字段,否则由于process类在当前类中是一对多的关系,默认懒加载,使得process类中的数据在
toString()
输出的时候未加载,就会导致下面这项错误。org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.self.statismonth.entity.Student.processes, could not initialize proxy - no Session
所以Lombok的@Data注解就不能使用了,因为它自动重写的
toString()
方法中,默认会带上全部的字段属性,也就包含了processes
,从而导致出错。
就需要手动重写toString()
方法,并去掉processes
属性
//@Data
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
@Entity
@Table(name = "student")
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne
private Course course;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "student")
private List<Process> processes;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", course=" + course +
'}';
}
}
Lesson
实体类
重写
toString()
方法的部分与上面同理
//@Data
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
@Entity
@Table(name = "lesson")
public class Lesson {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne
private Course course;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "lesson")
private List<Process> processes;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Lesson{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", course=" + course +
'}';
}
}
2. Service中的问题
查询数据时,service层原方法代码如下。但在Controller中返回时,用Gson做了处理,希望结果返回Json,于是就报错了。
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.self.statismonth.entity.Course.lessons, could not initialize proxy - no Session
public List<Process> findAllByDate(String startDate,String endDate){
Date startTime = TimeUtil.parse(startDate,DateTimeEnum.DEFAULT).toDate();
Date endTime = TimeUtil.parse(endDate,DateTimeEnum.DEFAULT).toDate();
return processRepository.findByStartTimeAfterAndEndTimeBefore(startTime,endTime);
}
实际上也是懒加载的问题,在对象类型转Json的过程中,部分关联的对象需要加载,但session已关闭,导致没有数据无法转换就报了错。
解决方式也很简单,手动将Process对象中需要的字段数据取出来返回即可。代码如下:
public List<Map<String,Object>> findAllByDate(String startDate,String endDate){
Date startTime = TimeUtil.parse(startDate,DateTimeEnum.DEFAULT).toDate();
Date endTime = TimeUtil.parse(endDate,DateTimeEnum.DEFAULT).toDate();
List<Process> processList = processRepository.findByStartTimeAfterAndEndTimeBefore(startTime,endTime);
List<Map<String,Object>> resultList= new ArrayList<>();
for (Process obj : processList){
Map<String,Object> dataMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
dataMap.put("stuName",obj.getStudent().getName());
dataMap.put("lessonName",obj.getLesson().getName());
dataMap.put("startTime",obj.getStartTime());
dataMap.put("endTime",obj.getEndTime());
resultList.add(dataMap);
}
return resultList;
}