463. Island Perimeter。

You are given a map in form of a two-dimensional integer grid where 1 represents land and 0 represents water. Grid cells are connected horizontally/vertically (not diagonally). The grid is completely surrounded by water, and there is exactly one island (i.e., one or more connected land cells). The island doesn’t have “lakes” (water inside that isn’t connected to the water around the island). One cell is a square with side length 1. The grid is rectangular, width and height don’t exceed 100. Determine the perimeter of the island.

Example:

[[0,1,0,0],
[1,1,1,0],
[0,1,0,0],
[1,1,0,0]]

Answer: 16
Explanation: The perimeter is the 16 yellow stripes in the image below:

原文：https://leetcode.com/problems/island-perimeter/description/

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求图中陆地部分（也就是数组中的1），所能够围成的图形的周长。

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通过图中能够观察出来，一个陆地能够围成的周长为4，但是如果有相邻的话就需要减去临边，从图中能够看出：按照从左到右，从上往下的顺序来看。如果当前是陆地的话，周长就应该加上4，但是如果该陆地右边紧邻的也是陆地，那么就需要减去临边的部分，也就是周长减去2。同时下面如果紧邻的也是陆地，也应该减去2。最后计算出来的周长就是需要得到的结果。

class Solution {
public:
    int islandPerimeter(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
        int ans = 0;
        for(int i=0;i<grid.size();i++) {
            for(int j=0;j<grid[0].size();j++) {
                if(grid[i][j] == 1) {// 如果当前位置上是陆地
                    ans += 4;// 围栏面积加4
                    if(j < grid[0].size()-1 && grid[i][j+1] == 1)// 如果右边也是陆地的话
                        ans -= 2;// 围栏面积减2
                    if( i < grid.size() - 1 && grid[i+1][j] == 1)// 如果下面也是陆地的话
                        ans -= 2;// 围栏面积减2
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};