【参考廖雪峰Python教程——https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1016959663602400/1017434209254976】
【自学使用,请勿转载】
返回函数
返回值是函数
def lazy_sum(*args):
def sum():
ax = 0
for n in args:
ax = ax + n
return ax
return sum
f = lazy_sum(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
print(f())
【结果】:25
f是函数名
f()是调用函数
【调试检查】:
def lazy_sum(*args):
def sum():
ax = 0
for n in args:
ax = ax + n
return ax
print(sum)
return sum
f = lazy_sum(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
print(f)
【结果】:
<function lazy_sum.<locals>.sum at 0x000001DB164D2700>
<function lazy_sum.<locals>.sum at 0x000001DB164D2700>
且调用函数时,即使传入相同的参数,返回的函数也并不相同。
def lazy_sum(*args):
def sum():
ax = 0
for n in args:
ax = ax + n
return ax
return sum
f1 = lazy_sum(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
f2 = lazy_sum(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
print(f1==f2)
【结果】:False
闭包
对于lazy_sum(*args)函数来说,*args参数是局部变量,但返回的sum由于在定义内部使用了args,所以相关的参数和变量(args的相关参数和变量)都保存在返回的函数(sum)中。
def lazy_sum(*args):
def sum():
ax = 0
for n in args:
ax = ax + n
return ax
return sum
【注意】:返回的函数没有立刻执行,而是等到调用的时候才执行!
def count():
fs = []
for i in range(1, 4):
def f():
return i*i
fs.append(f)
return fs
f1, f2, f3 = count()
print(f1(), f2(), f3())
【结果】:9 9 9
结果并非是1 4 9而是9 9 9,为什么呢?
【调试检查】:
def count():
fs = []
for i in range(1, 4):
def f():
return i*i
fs.append(f)
print(fs)
return fs
f1, f2, f3 = count()
print(f1,',',f2,',', f3)
print(f1(), f2(), f3())
【结果】:
[<function count.<locals>.f at 0x00000153A4F73700>, <function count.<locals>.f at 0x00000153A4F73790>, <function count.<locals>.f at 0x00000153A4F73820>]
<function count.<locals>.f at 0x00000153A4F73700> , <function count.<locals>.f at 0x00000153A4F73790> , <function count.<locals>.f at 0x00000153A4F73820>
9 9 9
可以看出每次循环都会创建新的函数加入fs列表中,但它们并不是立即执行,它们其实是在调用的时候才执行,而在调用的时候,返回函数引用的变量i已经等于3了,所以,结果就是9 9 9
因此,返回函数不要引用任何循环变量,或者后续会发生变化的变量!
如果一定要引用循环变量,那就再加一个函数。
def count():
fs = []
for i in range(1, 4):
def f(j):
def g():
return j*j
return g
fs.append(f(i))
return fs
f1, f2, f3 = count()
print(f1(), f2(), f3())
【结果】:1 4 9
【调试检查】:
def count():
fs = []
for i in range(1, 4):
def f(j):
def g():
return j*j
return g
fs.append(f(i))
print(fs)
return fs
f1, f2, f3 = count()
print(f1,',',f2,',', f3)
print(f1(), f2(), f3())
【结果】:
[<function count.<locals>.f.<locals>.g at 0x00000237F4353790>, <function count.<locals>.f.<locals>.g at 0x00000237F4353820>, <function count.<locals>.f.<locals>.g at 0x00000237F43538B0>]
<function count.<locals>.f.<locals>.g at 0x00000237F4353790> , <function count.<locals>.f.<locals>.g at 0x00000237F4353820> , <function count.<locals>.f.<locals>.g at 0x00000237F43538B0>
1 4 9
由于f(i)被立刻执行,返回函数引用的变量j在加进列表的时候就封装进函数了。