shell编程之BASH_BUILTINS

引用wiki

In computing, a shell builtin is a command or a function, called from a shell, that is executed directly in the shell itself, instead of an external executable program which the shell would load and execute.[1]

Shell builtins work significantly faster than external programs, because there is no program loading overhead. However, their code is inherently present in the shell, and thus modifying or updating them requires modifications to the shell. Therefore, shell builtins are usually used for simple, almost trivial, functions, such as text output. Because of the nature of some operating systems, some functions of the systems must necessarily be implemented as shell builtins. The most notable example is the cd command, which changes the working directory of the shell. Since each executable program runs in a separate process, and working directories are specific to each process, loading cd as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it.

解读wiki

其实这句话的主要意思是：
在计算机领域，shell builtin 是被shell调用的一个命令或一个函数，可以直接在shell环境下执行。并不是shell装载并执行的外部可执行程序。
shell builtins

shell builtin 的一些命令详解