NSArray方法、排序

NSArray用来存储对象的有序列表，可以放入任何类型的对象，但它有两个限制：首先，它只能存储OC的对象，不能存储C中的基本数据类型，如 int , float  , enum , struct 和随机指针 ，其次不能在NSArray中存储nil。

创建数组

NSArray *array1 = @[@"一年级",@"二年级",@"三年级",@"四年级",@"五年级",@"六年级"];//数组的元素可以使用任意的对象,//数组中装的是元素的地址

NSLog(@"%@",array1);//打印数组就是打印数组的每个元素（description方法的返回值)

一些常用方法

 NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b", @"c",nil];

 //判断是否包含某个元素

 if ([array containsObject:@"a"])

 {

    NSLog(@"包含了字符串a");

 }

 //返回最后一个元素

  NSString *last = [array lastObject];

  NSLog(@"last = %@",last);

 //给数组里的元素发消息

   Student *stu1 = [Student student];

   Student *stu2 = [Student student];

   Student *stu3 = [Student student];

   NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, nil];

   //数组里的所有对象都调用test方法

   [array1 makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(test)];

   //给test1:方法传递参数

   [array1 makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(test1:) withObject:@"123"];

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b", @"c",nil];

   //在旧数组基础上添加一个新元素返回一个新的数组（方法调用者本身没有改变）

    NSArray *array2 = [array arrayByAddingObject:@"12"];

    NSLog(@"%@",array);

    NSLog(@"%@",array2);

    

   //添加一个数组的所有元素，返回一个新的NSArray(方法调用者本身也没有改变）

    NSArray *array3 = [array arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:@[@"4",@"5"]];

    NSLog(@"%@",array3);

    

   //获取range范围内的数组元素返回一个新数组

    NSArray *array5 = [array3 subarrayWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, 3)];

    NSLog(@"array5 = %@",array5);

    

   //将一个数组写入文件

    NSString *path = @"/Users/lijun/Desktop/array.txt";

    [array writeToFile:path atomically:YES];

    

   //从文件中读取数组内容

    NSArray *array6 = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];

    NSLog(@"array6 = %@",array6);

    - (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject;//查找anObject元素在数组中的位置 

    - (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject inRange:(NSRange)range;//在range范围内查找anObject元素在数组中的位置

数组的遍历

一、枚举器法

 NSEnumerator  *enumerator = [array1 objectEnumerator];

 // allObjects是取出没有被遍历过的对象

  NSArray  *array2 = [enumerator allObjects];

  NSLog(@"%@",array2);

   id objc;

   //当没有下一个需要遍历的元素时循环退出

   while (objc = [enumerator nextObject])

   {

      NSLog(@"%@",objc);

   }

  NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array1 reverseObjectEnumerator];//逆序遍历

   id objc;

   while (objc = [enumerator nextObject])

   {

      NSLog(@"%@",objc);

   }

二、快速枚举法

   for (id objc in array1)

   {

      NSLog(@"%@",objc);

   }

    

三、使用 i值遍历

   NSUInteger length = [array1 count];

    NSInteger i;

   for (i = 0; i < length; i++)

   {

       NSLog(@"%@",[array1 objectAtIndex:i]);

   }

四、使用block遍历

    [array1 enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {

          NSLog(@"%@ %zi",obj,idx);

          //当索引为1时，终止遍历

          if (idx == 1)

          {

              *stop = YES;

          }

      }];

数组排序

void arraySort1()

{

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2",@"3",@"1",@"4", nil];

   //返回一个排好序的数组，原来数组的元素顺序不会改变

    //指定元素的比较方法：compare:

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];

    NSLog(@"array2 = %@",array2);

}

void arraySort2()

{

    Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"MingBo" lastName:@"Li"];

    Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"ShiMing" lastName:@"Li"];

    Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"Feng" lastName:@"Xiao"];

    Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"Zhu" lastName:@"Duan"];

    

    NSArray *array  = @[stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4];

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareStudent:)];

    NSLog(@"array2 = %@",array2);

}

-(NSComparisonResult)compareStudent:(Student *)stu

{

    NSComparisonResult result = [self.lastName compare:stu.lastName];

    if (result == NSOrderedSame)

    {

        result = [self.firstName compare:stu.firstName];

    }

    return result;

}

//利用block进行排序

void arraySort3()

{

    Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"MingBo" lastName:@"Li"];

    Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"ShiMing" lastName:@"Li"];

    Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"Feng" lastName:@"Xiao"];

    Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"Zhu" lastName:@"Duan"];

    NSArray *array  = @[stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4];

    

   NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(Student* obj1, Student* obj2) {

       //先按照姓排序

       NSComparisonResult result = [obj1.lastName compare:obj2.lastName];

      //如果姓相同，就比较名字

       if (result == NSOrderedSame)

        {

            result = [obj1.firstName compare:obj2.firstName];

        }

        return result;

    }];

    NSLog(@"array2 = %@",array2);

}

void arraySort4()

{

    Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"MingBo" lastName:@"Li" bookName:@"book1"];

    Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"ShiMing" lastName:@"Li" bookName:@"book3"];

    Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"Feng" lastName:@"Xiao" bookName:@"book2"];

    Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstName:@"Zhu" lastName:@"Duan" bookName:@"book1"];

    

    NSArray *array = @[stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4];

   //按照书名进行排序

    NSSortDescriptor *bookName = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"book.name" ascending:YES];

   //按照姓进行排序

    NSSortDescriptor *last = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"lastName" ascending:YES];

   //按照名进行排序

    NSSortDescriptor *first = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"firstName" ascending:YES];

   //按顺序添加排序描述器 (bookName排在第一位表示先按照书名排序)

    NSArray *descs = @[bookName,last,first];

    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:descs];

    NSLog(@"array = %@",array2);

}