ansible变量

1.变量

变量：以一个固定的字符串表示一个不固定的值。
ansible中定义变量的三种方式：
  (1) 通过命令行进行变量定义
  (2) 在play文件中进行定义变量
  (3) 通过inventory在主机组或单个主机中设置变量
变量的查找优先级：
(1).外置传参 -e
(2).playbook
vars_files
vars
(3).host_vars
(4).group_vars/组名
(4).group_vars/all

1.1通过vars来进行定义变量

mkdir ansible_vars
cd ansible_vars
vim ansible.cfg
-------------------------ansible.cfg---------------------------------
[defaults]
inventory = ./hosts
------------------------ansible.cfg结束-------------------------------
vim hosts
------------------------hosts----------------------------------------
[webservers]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
------------------------hosts结束-------------------------------------
vim var1.yml
------------------------var1.yml-------------------------------------
- hosts: webservers
  vars: #定义变量关键字
    - web_packages: httpd
    - ftp_packages: vsftpd

  tasks:
    - name: Installed Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_packages }}"
          - "{{ ftp_packages }}"
        state: present
--------------------------var1.yml结束-----------------------------------
ansible-playbook var1.yml

1.2通过vars_files来进行定义变量

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat test.yml
web_packages: httpd-tools
ftp_packages: vsftpd

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var1.yml
- hosts: webservers
  vars_files: test.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_packages }}"
          - "{{ ftp_packages }}"
        state: present
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var2.yml
- hosts: webservers
  vars_files: test.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_packages }}"
          - "{{ ftp_packages }}"
        state: present
        
[root@manager ansible_variables]#ansible-playbook var1.yml
[root@manager ansible_variables]#ansible-playbook var2.yml

1.3通过inventory在主机组或单个主机中设置变量

[root@manager ansible_variables]# mkdir host_vars
[root@manager ansible_variables]# mkdir group_vars

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat group_vars/webservers
web_packages: wget
ftp_packages: tree

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var4.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_packages }}"
          - "{{ ftp_packages }}"
        state: present
[root@manager ansible_variables]#ansible-playbook var4.yml
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat group_vars/all
web_packages: nfs-utils
ftp_packages: rsync

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var5.yml
- hosts: db
  tasks:
    - name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_packages }}"
          - "{{ ftp_packages }}"
        state: present
[root@manager ansible_variables]#ansible-playbook var5.yml

1.4通过命令行进行变量定义

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var6.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ test_packages }}"
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ test_packages }}"
        state: present

[root@manager ansible_variables]# ansible-playbook var6.yml -e "test_packages=sl"

2.ansible配置nfs

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat exports.j2
{{ share_dir }} 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat group_vars/all
share_dir: /data3

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var8.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Installed NFS Server
      yum:
        name: nfs-utils
    - name: Configure NFS Server	#配置文件中使用 了share_dir #共享的目录/data3
      template:
        src: ./exports.j2
        dest: /etc/exports
      notify: Restart NFS Server
    - name: Create Share Directory	#创建共享的目录使用share_dir  /data3
      file:
        path: "{{ share_dir }}"
        state: directory
        owner: www
        group: www
        mode: 755
    - name: Started NFS Server
      systemd:
        name: nfs
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart NFS Server
      systemd:
        name: nfs
        state: restarted

- hosts: db
  tasks:
    - name: Client Mount NFS Server
      mount:
        src: 172.16.1.7:{{ share_dir }}
        path: /ansible_mount
        fstype: nfs
        state: mounted

3.register变量注册

将执行的结果存储至变量中，后期可以通过结果进行判断的操作。

#查看主机的所有信息
[root@manager ansible_variables]#ansible localhost - m setup
[root@manager ansible_variables]#
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat var9.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Get Network Status
      #shell: netstat -lntp
      shell: ss -lntp
      register: System_Net
      #将shell命令的执行输出结果，存储至System_Net变量中

    - name: Print Variables
      debug:
        msg: "{{ System_Net.stdout_lines }}"
#{{ System_Net }} 能看到变量的所有信息
#{{ System_Net.stderr }} 能捕获到错误，如果没有就是空，如果有错误就会限制在终端窗口

4.实例

4.1根据IP地址生成不同的Redis配置

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat redis.conf.j2
bind 127.0.0.1 {{ ansible_eth1.ipv4.address }}
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat redis.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:

    - name: Installed Redis Server
      yum:
        name: redis
        state: present

    - name: Configure Redis Server
      template:
        src: ./redis.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/redis.conf
      notify: Restart Redis Server

    - name: Started Redis Server
      systemd:
        name: redis
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart Redis Server
      systemd:
        name: redis
        state: restarted
[root@manager ansible_variables]# ansible-playbook redis.yml

4.2根据CPU核心生成不同的Nginx配置

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat nginx.conf.j2
worker {{ ansible_processor_vcpus * 2 }};

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat nginx.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Configure  Nginx.conf
      template:
        src: ./nginx.conf.j2
        dest: /tmp/nginx.conf
[root@manager ansible_variables]# ansible-playbook nginx.yml

4.3根据主机内存生成不同的Memcached配置(使用物理内存的一半)

[root@manager ansible_variables]# yum install memcached -y
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cp /etc/sysconfig/memcached ./memcached.j2
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat memcached.j2
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb //2 }}"
OPTIONS=""
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat memcached.yml
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Memcached Server
      yum:
        name: memcached
        state: present

    - name: Configure Memcached Server
      template:
        src: memcached.j2
        dest: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
      notify: Restart Memcached Server

    - name: Started Memcached Server
      systemd:
        name: memcached
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart Memcached Server
      systemd:
        name: memcached
        state: restarted
       
[root@manager ansible_variables]# ansible-playbook memcached.yml 

4.4根据主机名称生成不同的zabbix配置

[root@manager ansible_variables]# grep "^Hostname" zabbix_agentd.conf.j2
Hostname={{ ansible_hostname }}
[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat zabbix_agent.yml
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: Installed ZabbixAgent
      yum:
        name: https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
        state: present

    - name: Configure ZabbixAgent
      template:
        src: ./zabbix_agentd.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
      notify: Restart ZabbixAgent

    - name: Started ZabbixAgent
      systemd:
        name: zabbix-agent
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart ZabbixAgent
      systemd:
        name: zabbix-agent
        state: restarted
[root@manager ansible_variables]# ansible-playbook zabbix_agent.yml

5.facts优化

但是关闭又会造成无法提取被控端的状态。 最佳的方案使用缓存来解决。（redis）

5.1在172.16.1.51安装一个redis

5.2配置ansible配置文件，让其支持redis缓存：

[root@manager ansible_variables]# cat ansible.cfg
[defaults]
inventory = ./hosts

gathering = smart
fact_caching_timeout = 86400
fact_caching = redis
fact_caching_connection = 172.16.1.7:6379

[root@manager ansible_variables]# yum install python-pip
[root@manager ansible_variables]# pip install redis