3 - way handshake 三次握手
在transport layer中
第一步 client发送synchronized message
第二步 server发送synchronized message + acknowledge message
第三步 client发送acknowledge message (即 SYN, SYN + ACK, ACK)
TCP bytestream
要用到IP address 和 TCP port
IP address是network layer要用来deliver packets
TCP port是用来判断data要被deliver到哪个application
Packet switching overview
Independently for each arriving packet, pick its outgoing link.
If the link is free, send it. Else hold it for later
Two important consequences of using packet switching:
1. simple packet forwarding
they forward packet independently, without knowing about the flow.
2. efficient sharing of links
it lets us efficiently use the capacity among many flows sharing a link.