MySQL 高级 - 触发器 - 创建及应用

创建触发器

语法结构 :

create trigger trigger_name 

before/after insert/update/delete

on tbl_name 

[ for each row ]  -- 行级触发器

begin

	trigger_stmt ;

end;

示例

需求

通过触发器记录 emp 表的数据变更日志 , 包含增加, 修改 , 删除 ;

首先创建一张日志表 :

create table emp_logs(
  id int(11) not null auto_increment,
  operation varchar(20) not null comment '操作类型, insert/update/delete',
  operate_time datetime not null comment '操作时间',
  operate_id int(11) not null comment '操作表的ID',
  operate_params varchar(500) comment '操作参数',
  primary key(`id`)
)engine=innodb default charset=utf8;

创建 insert 型触发器，完成插入数据时的日志记录 :

DELIMITER $

create trigger emp_logs_insert_trigger
after insert 
on emp 
for each row 
begin
  insert into emp_logs (id,operation,operate_time,operate_id,operate_params) values(null,'insert',now(),new.id,concat('插入后(id:',new.id,', name:',new.name,', age:',new.age,', salary:',new.salary,')'));	
end $

DELIMITER ;

创建 update 型触发器，完成更新数据时的日志记录 :

DELIMITER $

create trigger emp_logs_update_trigger
after update 
on emp 
for each row 
begin
  insert into emp_logs (id,operation,operate_time,operate_id,operate_params) values(null,'update',now(),new.id,concat('修改前(id:',old.id,', name:',old.name,', age:',old.age,', salary:',old.salary,') , 修改后(id',new.id, 'name:',new.name,', age:',new.age,', salary:',new.salary,')'));                                                                      
end $

DELIMITER ;

创建delete 行的触发器 , 完成删除数据时的日志记录 :

DELIMITER $

create trigger emp_logs_delete_trigger
after delete 
on emp 
for each row 
begin
  insert into emp_logs (id,operation,operate_time,operate_id,operate_params) values(null,'delete',now(),old.id,concat('删除前(id:',old.id,', name:',old.name,', age:',old.age,', salary:',old.salary,')'));                                                                      
end $

DELIMITER ;

测试：

insert into emp(id,name,age,salary) values(null, '光明左使',30,3500);
insert into emp(id,name,age,salary) values(null, '光明右使',33,3200);

update emp set age = 39 where id = 3;

delete from emp where id = 5;