70 模板（二）

类模板

类模板的实例化：用具体的数据类型替换模板的参数以得到具体的类（模板类）
模板类也可以实例化为对象
用下列方式创建类模板的实例：
类名<类型实参表>对象名称；

//Stack.h
#ifndef _STACK_H_
#define _STACK_H_

template <typename T>
class Stack
{
public:
    explicit Stack(int maxSize);
    ~Stack();

    void Push(const T& elem);
    void Pop();
    T& Top();
    const T& Top() const;
    bool Empty() const;
private:
    T* elems_;
    int maxSize_;
    int top_;
};

template <typename T>
Stack<T>::Stack(int maxSize) :maxSize_(maxSize), top_(-1)
{
    elems_ = new T[maxSize_];
}

template <typename T>
Stack<T>::~Stack()
{
    delete[] elems_;
}

template <typename T>
void Stack<T>::Push(const T& elem)
{
    if (top_ + 1 >= maxSize_)
        throw out_of_range("Stack<>::Push() stack full");
    elems_[++top_] = elem;

}
template <typename T>
void Stack<T>::Pop()
{
    if (top_ + 1 <=0)
        throw out_of_range("Stack<>::Push() stack empty");
    --top_;

}
template <typename T>
T& Stack<T>::Top()
{
    if (top_ + 1 <= 0)
        throw out_of_range("Stack<>::Push() stack empty");
    return elems_[top_];
}
template <typename T>
const T& Stack<T>::Top() const
{
    if (top_ + 1 <= 0)
        throw out_of_range("Stack<>::Push() stack empty");
    return elems_[top_];
}
template <typename T>
bool Stack<T>::Empty() const
{
    return top_ + 1 ==0;
}
#endif
//Stack2.h
#ifndef _STACK2_H_
#define _STACK2_H_
#include <exception>

template <typename T,int MAX_SIZE>//非类型参数传递
class Stack2
{
public:
     Stack2();
    ~Stack2();

    void Push(const T& elem);
    void Pop();
    T& Top();
    const T& Top() const;
    bool Empty() const;
private:
    T* elems_;
    int top_;
};

template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
Stack2<T,MAX_SIZE>::Stack2() : top_(-1)
{
    elems_ = new T[MAX_SIZE];
}

template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
Stack2<T, MAX_SIZE>::~Stack2()
{
    delete[] elems_;
}

template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
void Stack2<T, MAX_SIZE>::Push(const T& elem)
{
    if (top_ + 1 >= MAX_SIZE)
        throw out_of_range("Stack2<>::Push() Stack2 full");
    elems_[++top_] = elem;

}
template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
void Stack2<T, MAX_SIZE>::Pop()
{
    if (top_ + 1 <=0)
        throw out_of_range("Stack2<>::Push() Stack2 empty");
    --top_;

}
template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
T& Stack2<T, MAX_SIZE>::Top()
{
    if (top_ + 1 <= 0)
        throw out_of_range("Stack2<>::Push() Stack2 empty");
    return elems_[top_];
}
template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
const T& Stack2<T, MAX_SIZE>::Top() const
{
    if (top_ + 1 <= 0)
        throw out_of_range("Stack2<>::Push() Stack2 empty");
    return elems_[top_];
}
template <typename T, int MAX_SIZE>
bool Stack2<T, MAX_SIZE>::Empty() const
{
    return top_ + 1 ==0;
}
#endif

//main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include"Stack.h"
#include"Stack2.h"
using namespace std;
int main(void)
{
    Stack2<int,10> s;
    //Stack<int> s(10);
    s.Push(1);
    s.Push(2);
    s.Push(3);

    while (!s.Empty())
    {
        cout << s.Top() << endl;
        s.Pop();
    }
    return 0;
}