一、ES6 引入了一种新的原始数据类型 Symbol ,表示独一无二的值,最大的用法是用来定义对象的唯一属性名。
1、基本用法
let a= Symbol("hello");
console.log(a); // Symbol(hello)
typeof(a); // "symbol"
let b= Symbol("hello");
a === b; // false
相同参数 Symbol() 返回的值不相等
2、由于每一个 Symbol 的值都是不相等的,所以 Symbol
作为对象的属性名,可以保证属性不重名。
let sy = Symbol("key1");
// 写法1
let syObject = {};
syObject[sy] = "kk";
console.log(syObject); // {Symbol(key1): "kk"}
// 写法2
let syObject = {
[sy]: "kk"
};
console.log(syObject);
ouptut:
{Symbol(key1): "kk"}
输出sy的值应用syObject[sy],方括号不必不可少
// 写法3
let syObject = {};
Object.defineProperty(syObject, sy, {value: "kk"});
console.log(syObject); // {Symbol(key1): "kk"}
3、在对象中查找Symbol属性
let sy = Symbol("key1");
let syObject = {};
syObject[sy] = "kk";
Object.getOwnPropertySymbols() //output:[Symbol(key1)]
Reflect.ownKeys(syObject); //output:[Symbol(key1)]
二、全局Symbol
示例
class A{
constructor(age,name,type){
let sy = Symbol("hello");
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this[sy] = type;
}
get(){
return this[sy]
}
}
let a = new A(10,"test","world");
a.get();
sy被声明在构造方法中,所以a.get()会报错
改造1
let sy = Symbol("hello");
class A{
constructor(age,name,type){
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this[sy] = type;
}
get(){
return this[sy]
}
}
let a = new A(10,"test","world");
a.get();
把sy声明在类外,便能通过get()获取到this[sy]的值
改造2
class A{
constructor(age,name,type){
let sy = Symbol.for("hello");
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this[sy] = type;
}
}
let a = new A(10,"test","world");
a[Symbol.for("hello")]
把sy声明为全局Symbol,也能获得this[sy]的值
示例2
如果全局注册表中查找到该symbol,则返回该symbol的key值,
返回值为字符串类型。否则返回undefined
创建一个全局 Symbol
var globalSym = Symbol.for("foo");
Symbol.keyFor(globalSym);
output: "foo"
var localSym = Symbol();
Symbol.keyFor(localSym);
output: undefined,
以下Symbol不是保存在全局Symbol注册表中
Symbol.keyFor(Symbol.iterator) // undefined
详细内容:https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Symbol