1.3 pipenv使用

官网：pipenv · PyPI

一、安装pipenv

pip install --user pipenv

二、pipenv常用命令

$ pipenv
Usage: pipenv [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

Options:
  --where          Output project home information.
  --venv           Output virtualenv information.
  --py             Output Python interpreter information.
  --envs           Output Environment Variable options.
  --rm             Remove the virtualenv.
  --bare           Minimal output.
  --completion     Output completion (to be eval'd).
  --man            Display manpage.
  --three / --two  Use Python 3/2 when creating virtualenv.
  --python TEXT    Specify which version of Python virtualenv should use.
  --site-packages  Enable site-packages for the virtualenv.
  --version        Show the version and exit.
  -h, --help       Show this message and exit.


Usage Examples:
   Create a new project using Python 3.7, specifically:
   $ pipenv --python 3.7

   Remove project virtualenv (inferred from current directory):
   $ pipenv --rm

   Install all dependencies for a project (including dev):
   $ pipenv install --dev

   Create a lockfile containing pre-releases:
   $ pipenv lock --pre

   Show a graph of your installed dependencies:
   $ pipenv graph

   Check your installed dependencies for security vulnerabilities:
   $ pipenv check

   Install a local setup.py into your virtual environment/Pipfile:
   $ pipenv install -e .

   Use a lower-level pip command:
   $ pipenv run pip freeze

Commands:
  check      Checks for security vulnerabilities and against PEP 508 markers
             provided in Pipfile.
  clean      Uninstalls all packages not specified in Pipfile.lock.
  graph      Displays currently–installed dependency graph information.
  install    Installs provided packages and adds them to Pipfile, or (if no
             packages are given), installs all packages from Pipfile.
  lock       Generates Pipfile.lock.
  open       View a given module in your editor.
  run        Spawns a command installed into the virtualenv.
  scripts    Displays the shortcuts in the (optional) [scripts] section of 
             Pipfile. 
  shell      Spawns a shell within the virtualenv.
  sync       Installs all packages specified in Pipfile.lock.
  uninstall  Un-installs a provided package and removes it from Pipfile.

三、使用pipenv创建项目

mkdir demo
cd demo
//可以不使用pyenv切换直接指定版本，如果没有这个版本，需要先用pyenv安装指定版本的python
//生成pipfile
pipenv --python 3.9.5

安装依赖
pipenv install pytest

四、pipfile中可以看到当前的python版本和依赖

 五、新建一个pytest测试文件

import pytest


@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
def setup_function(request):
    def teardown_function():
        print("teardown_function called.")
    request.addfinalizer(teardown_function)  # 此内嵌函数做teardown工作
    print('setup_function called.')


a = 1


@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def setup_module(request):
    def teardown_module():
        print("teardown_module called.")
    request.addfinalizer(teardown_module)
    print('setup_module called.')


@pytest.mark.website
def test_1(setup_function):
    print('Test_1 called.')


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='out-of-date api')
def test_2(setup_module):
    print('Test_2 called.')


def test_3(setup_module):
    print('Test_3 called.')
    assert 2 == 1 + 1


@pytest.mark.skipif(a == 1, reason='out-of-date api')
def test_4(setup_module):
    print('Test_2 called.')

六、执行pipenv run pytest或者直接pytest 都可执行

七、如果pipenv指定的版本，不是python当前使用的版本，会提示

 所以要指定使用pipenv --python指定虚拟环境版本时，需要先使用pyenv global及pyenv rehash，再使用即可