Nginx简单配置（代理、反向代理、转HTTPS访问等）

使用nginx时我们常用到nginx处理转发、代理、屏蔽ip访问等等，文章记录了相设置配置文档

一、nginx常用指令

%重新加载配置文件
nginx -s reload

%快速关闭nginx
nginx -s stop

%正常停止
nginx -s quit

%检测配置文件正确性
nginx -t

%查看帮助
nginx -h

%查看nginx版本信息
nginx -v

%查看nginx版本信息和编译信息
nginx -V

二、使用nginx作为web服务器

 location /webui/ {
 root         F:\10.hardware\HardwareReleaseTool\iHR-PublishWebSites;
 			#服务路径。
 index  index.html index.htm;
 proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
 proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
 proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
 }

三、使用nginx转发

location /api/ {
            proxy_pass   http://localhost:13669/api/;#服务地址
  					underscores_in_headers on; #为了配合我们的CLIENT_UID,需要配置允许使用_下划线。
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

完整的配置文件如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       8421;
        server_name  0.0.0.0;
				underscores_in_headers on;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://localhost:9306;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

四、使用nginx转https访问

  server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  localhost;
  			underscores_in_headers on; #为了配合我们的CLIENT_UID,需要配置允许使用_下划线。
        #ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #证书名称、路径
        ssl_certificate      ./csr/hengda.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  ./csr/hengda.rsa;
 
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
 
        location / {
            proxy_pass         http://127.0.0.1:80;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }

完成的配置信息

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
 
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
 
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
 
 
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
 
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
    #gzip  on;
 
 
    # HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  localhost;
				underscores_in_headers on; #为了配合我们的CLIENT_UID,需要配置允许使用_下划线。
        #ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate      ./csr/hengda.crt; #如果弄不清路径，配置完整路径也行，但是路径分隔符是 /而不是\
        ssl_certificate_key  ./csr/hengda.rsa;
 
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
 
        location / {
            proxy_pass         http://127.0.0.1:80;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
 
}

五、使用nginx做负载均衡

upstream backserver {
		#转发的ip
    	server 192.168.18.221:80;
    	server 192.168.18.222:80;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  0.0.0.0;
  			underscores_in_headers on; #为了配合我们的CLIENT_UID,需要配置允许使用_下划线。

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_connect_timeout 3s;
            proxy_send_timeout 300s;
            proxy_read_timeout 300s;
            proxy_pass http://backserver;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

六、白名单设置

    server {
        listen       8421;
        server_name  0.0.0.0;
				underscores_in_headers on;
  
  			#设置白名单，只允许本机和ip为192.168.18.90的主机访问
        allow 192.168.18.90;
        allow 127.0.0.1;
        deny all;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://localhost:9306;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }