FileInputStream 与 BufferedInputStream 效率对比

 在FileOperator类的copyWithFileStream方法实现了使用FileInputStream和FileOutputStream复制文件，copyWithBufferedStream方法实现了使用BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream复制文件。

public class FileOperator {
 
    /** buffer size in bytes */
    final static int BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
 
    /**
     * copy file using FileInputStream & FileOutputStream
     * @param src copy from
     * @param dest copy to
     * @return;
     */
    public static void copyWithFileStream(File src, File dest){
        FileInputStream input = null;
        FileOutputStream output = null;
        try {
            input = new FileInputStream(src);
            output = new FileOutputStream(dest);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            int copySize;
            while ((copySize = input.read(buffer)) > 0){
                output.write(buffer, 0, copySize);
                output.flush();
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                input.close();
                output.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * copy file using BufferedInputStream & BufferedOutputStream
     * @param src copy from file
     * @param dest copy to file
     * @return;
     */
    public static void copyWithBufferedStream(File src, File dest){
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInput = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutput = null;
        try {
            bufferedInput = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(src));
            bufferedOutput = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dest));
            byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            int copySize;
            while ((copySize = bufferedInput.read(buffer)) > 0){
                bufferedOutput.write(buffer, 0, copySize);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                bufferedInput.close();
                bufferedOutput.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

class FileOperatorTest{
    public static void main(String args[]){
        File src = new File("test.txt");
        File dest = new File("copyTest.txt");
        try {
            if (!dest.exists()){
                dest.createNewFile();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //test copy using FileStream
        int startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        FileOperator.copyWithFileStream(src, dest);
        int endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("Copy file using FileStream takes : " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms.");
        //test copy using BufferedStream
        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        FileOperator.copyWithBufferedStream(src, dest);
        endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("Copy file using BufferedStream takes : " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms.");
    }
}

 

【运行结果】
测试文件大小约为900M，以下是在设定BUFFER_SIZE为不同值时的一次执行结果：

BUFFER_SIZE = 100
Copy file using FileStream takes: 42680 ms.
Copy file using BufferedStream takes: 2407 ms.

BUFFER_SIZE = 8192
Copy file using FileStream takes: 1689 ms.
Copy file using BufferedStream takes: 1654 ms.

BUFFER_SIZE = 1000000
Copy file using FileStream takes: 957 ms.
Copy file using BufferedStream takes: 929 ms.

【对时间效率差异的解释】
BufferedInputStream比FileInputStream多了一个缓冲区，执行read时先从缓冲区读取，当缓冲区数据读完时再把缓冲区填满。
因此，当每次读取的数据量很小时，FileInputStream每次都是从硬盘读入，而BufferedInputStream大部分是从缓冲区读入。读取内存速度比读取硬盘速度快得多，因此BufferedInputStream效率高。
BufferedInputStream的默认缓冲区大小是8192字节。当每次读取数据量接近或远超这个值时，两者效率就没有明显差别了。
BufferedOutputStream和FileOutputStream同理，差异更明显一些。

【结论】

一般情况下，我们应该优先选取BufferedInputStream&BufferedOutputStream。