活动地址：CSDN21天学习挑战赛
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**
学习计划
1，学习目标
提示：可以添加学习目标
例如： 一周掌握 Python 入门知识
2，学习内容
提示：可以添加要学的内容
例如：
A，掌握 Python 基本语法
B，掌握 Python 列表、字典、元组等集合类型的用法
C，掌握 Python 函数
D，掌握 Python 常用模块
E, 掌握 Python 模块与包
F，掌握 Python 类与对象
3，学习时间
每天拿出来两个小时
4，学习产出
CSDN技术博客 每天一篇
学习日记
day02 Python的基础语法——列表、字典、元组
1.列表初始
name1 = "张新晓"
name2 = "潘磊"
# 列表的构建 语法格式 [数据对象,...,]
# 特点1： 列表中的元素可以是任意数据类型
# 特点2： 列表中的元素个数没有限制
l1 = [100, "hello", True]
print(type(l1)) # list
l2 = [100, 2, 34, 5]
print(len(l2)) # 4
names = ["", "", "", ]
2.列表的序列操作
l = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
# 列表是一个序列类型
# 一 支持正负索引 数据对象[索引]
# print(l[1])
# print(l[-3])
print(id(l))
l[0] = 100
print(l)
print(id(l))
# 二 支持切片: 数据对象[开始索引:结束索引:步长] 顾头不顾尾
# print(l[1:4]) # [20, 30, 40]
# print(l[-4:-1]) # [20, 30, 40]
# print(l[1:]) # [20, 30, 40, 50]
# print(l[:3]) # [20, 30, 40, 50]
# print(l[:]) # [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
# print(l[-2:-5:-1]) # [40, 30, 20]
# 三 in操作: 某个值是否是列表中的某个元素值
# names = ["rain", "yuan", "alvin"]
# print("rai" in names)
# print("rai" in "rain")
# print(1 in ["1", 2, 3])
# # 案例
# n = 0
# while n < 100:
#
# # if n != 88 and n != 66:
# # print(n)
#
# if n not in [66, 88, 33, 44, 55]:
# print(n)
#
# n += 1
# 拼接 +
l1 = [1, 2, 3]
l2 = [4, 5, 6]
print(l1 + l2) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(l1)
print(l2)
3.列表内置方法
# 列表内置方法： 列表对象.方法()
# 列表的内置方法是用来管理列表中的数据：增删改查
# 一 增：append:追加 insert:向任意位置插入值 extend
# print("hello".upper())
# 案例1： append
# l = [10, 20, 30, 40]
# ret = l.append(50)
# print(l) # [10, 20, 30, 40,50]
# print(ret) # None
# 案例2: insert(索引,值)
# l = [10, 20, 30, 40]
# l.insert(0, 100)
# print(l) # [100, 10, 20, 30, 40]
# 案例3: extend
# l1 = [10, 20, 30, [4, 5, 6]]
# 如何获取5的值
# print(l1[3][1])
# print(len(l1))
# l2 = [1, 2, 3]
# l3 = [4, 5, 6]
# l2.append(l3)
# print(l2) # [1,2,3,[4,5,6]]
# print(len(l2))
# print(id(l2))
# ret = l2.extend(l3)
# print("ret:", ret)
# print(l2) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
# print(id(l2))
# 二 删 pop():按索引删除 remove()：按值删除 clear()：清空
# names = ["张三", "李四", "王五"]
# 按索引删除
# del_name = names.pop(0) # pop返回删除元素值
# print(names)
# print("将%s删除掉了" % del_name)
# 按元素值删除
# ret = names.remove("李四")
# print(ret) # None
# print(names)
# 清空列表
# names.clear()
# print(names) # []
# del names
# print(names)
# 三 改: 没有内置方法修改元素，只能通过索引完成
# l = [1, 2, 3]
# l[0] = 100
# print(l) # [100, 2, 3]
# 四 查 index count sort reverse
# names = ["张三", "李四", "王五", "李四"]
# print(names.index("李四"))
# print(names.count("李四"))
#
# age_list = [20, 22, 18, 45, 32]
# # age_list.reverse() # age_list :[32,45,18,22,20]
#
# age_list.sort(reverse=True)
# print(age_list) # [45, 32, 22, 20, 18]
#
# age_list = ["100", "10", "12"]
# age_list.sort()
# print(age_list) # ['10', '100', '32']
# 练习题
# 将字符串 "20,15,34,188,26"中的所有数字进行从大到小排序按"-"作为分隔符组成新的字符串
# 方案1：
# s = "20,15,34,188,26"
# l1 = s.split(",")
# print(l1) # ['20', '15', '34', '188', '26']
# l2 = []
# for i in l1:
# l2.append(int(i))
#
# print(l2)
# l2.sort(reverse=True)
# print(l2)
# l3 = []
# for i in l2: # l2: [15, 20, 26, 34, 188]
# l3.append(str(i))
# print(l3) # ['15', '20', '26', '34', '188']
#
# print("-".join(l3)) # 15-20-26-34-188
# 方案2
s = "20,15,34,188,26"
l1 = s.split(",") # ['20', '15', '34', '188', '26']
l2 = [int(i) for i in l1]
l2.sort(reverse=True)
l3 = [str(i) for i in l2]
print("-".join(l3)) # 188-34-26-20-15
4.列表的循环和range函数
# 列表内置方法： 列表对象.方法()
# 列表的内置方法是用来管理列表中的数据：增删改查
# 一 增：append:追加 insert:向任意位置插入值 extend
# print("hello".upper())
# 案例1： append
# l = [10, 20, 30, 40]
# ret = l.append(50)
# print(l) # [10, 20, 30, 40,50]
# print(ret) # None
# 案例2: insert(索引,值)
# l = [10, 20, 30, 40]
# l.insert(0, 100)
# print(l) # [100, 10, 20, 30, 40]
# 案例3: extend
# l1 = [10, 20, 30, [4, 5, 6]]
# 如何获取5的值
# print(l1[3][1])
# print(len(l1))
# l2 = [1, 2, 3]
# l3 = [4, 5, 6]
# l2.append(l3)
# print(l2) # [1,2,3,[4,5,6]]
# print(len(l2))
# print(id(l2))
# ret = l2.extend(l3)
# print("ret:", ret)
# print(l2) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
# print(id(l2))
# 二 删 pop():按索引删除 remove()：按值删除 clear()：清空
# names = ["张三", "李四", "王五"]
# 按索引删除
# del_name = names.pop(0) # pop返回删除元素值
# print(names)
# print("将%s删除掉了" % del_name)
# 按元素值删除
# ret = names.remove("李四")
# print(ret) # None
# print(names)
# 清空列表
# names.clear()
# print(names) # []
# del names
# print(names)
# 三 改: 没有内置方法修改元素，只能通过索引完成
# l = [1, 2, 3]
# l[0] = 100
# print(l) # [100, 2, 3]
# 四 查 index count sort reverse
# names = ["张三", "李四", "王五", "李四"]
# print(names.index("李四"))
# print(names.count("李四"))
#
# age_list = [20, 22, 18, 45, 32]
# # age_list.reverse() # age_list :[32,45,18,22,20]
#
# age_list.sort(reverse=True)
# print(age_list) # [45, 32, 22, 20, 18]
#
# age_list = ["100", "10", "12"]
# age_list.sort()
# print(age_list) # ['10', '100', '32']
# 练习题
# 将字符串 "20,15,34,188,26"中的所有数字进行从大到小排序按"-"作为分隔符组成新的字符串
# 方案1：
# s = "20,15,34,188,26"
# l1 = s.split(",")
# print(l1) # ['20', '15', '34', '188', '26']
# l2 = []
# for i in l1:
# l2.append(int(i))
#
# print(l2)
# l2.sort(reverse=True)
# print(l2)
# l3 = []
# for i in l2: # l2: [15, 20, 26, 34, 188]
# l3.append(str(i))
# print(l3) # ['15', '20', '26', '34', '188']
#
# print("-".join(l3)) # 15-20-26-34-188
# 方案2
s = "20,15,34,188,26"
l1 = s.split(",") # ['20', '15', '34', '188', '26']
l2 = [int(i) for i in l1]
l2.sort(reverse=True)
l3 = [str(i) for i in l2]
print("-".join(l3)) # 188-34-26-20-15
5.列表推导式
# l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# l2 = []
# for i in l:
# l2.append(i * i)
# print(l2)
# 列表推导式：[表达式 for i in 可迭代对象]
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
l2 = [i * i for i in l]
print(l2) # [1,4,9,16,25]
6.字典初始
# 字典是python的唯一一个hash映射的数据类型
l = ["rain", 22, "male"]
# 字典中一个键值对是一个元素
# 字典的键必须是不可变数据类型（除了列表和字典数据类型），常用的就是字符串和整型
# 字典的值可以是任意数据类型
# 字典的键值对原则上没有限制
# 字典特点：无序，键不能重复
d = {"name": "rain", "age": 22, "gender": "male"}
print(d, type(d)) # dict
7.字典的基本操作
stu = {"name": "yuan", "age": 22}
# print(len(stu))
# 一 通过键查询值 列表对象[索引] 字典对象[键]
print(stu["name"]) # yuan
print(stu["age"]) # yuan
print(stu["xxx"]) # 键不存在报错
# 二 添加或修改
stu["gender"] = "male" # 键不存在，则是添加键值对
stu["age"] = 24 # 键存在，则修改键值对
print(stu)
# 删除键值对 del命令
del stu["gender"]
print(stu)
8.字典的内置方法
# 字典的内置方法：对字典对象的数据管理
stu = {"name": "yuan", "age": 22, "gender": "female"}
# 一 查看键值对
# print(stu.get("name"))
# print(stu.get("age"))
# print(stu.get("gender", "male"))
# print(stu.keys()) # ['name', 'age']
# print(stu.values()) # ['yuan', 22]
# print(stu.items()) # [('name', 'yuan'), ('age', 22)]
# 二 添加或修改键值对：update
# stu.update({"age":32,"gender":"male"})
# ret = stu.setdefault("gender", "male") # 获取name键的值
# print(ret)
# print(stu)
# 三 删除键值对：pop
# ret = stu.pop("age")
# stu.popitem()
# print("age",ret)
# print("stu",stu)
9. 字典的for循环
stu = {"name": "yuan", "age": 22, "gender": "female"}
# print(stu.get("name"))
# k = "age"
# print(stu.get(k))
# 方式1
# for i in stu:
# print(i, stu.get(i)) # 遍历字典的键
# 方式2
# x = [1, 2, 3]
# print(x, type(x)) # tuple
# a, *b = [1, 2, 3]
# print(a, b)
for k,v in stu.items(): # [("name","yuan")],("age",22),("gender","male)]
print(k,v)
10.元组类型
# 元组称之为只读列表
l = [1, 2, 3]
l[0] = 100
t = (1, 2, 3)
print(t, type(t)) # tuple
print(t[1])
print(t[1:])
print(1 in t)
t.count(1)
t.index(1)
for i in t:
print(i)
11.字典的使用
# 练习1
stu = {"name": "yuan", "score": [100, 90, 80]}
# 获取外语的成绩
l = stu.get("score") # [100, 90, 80]
print(l[-1])
print(stu.get("score")[-1])
# 练习2
stu = {"name": "yuan", "score": {"chinese": 100, "math": 90, "english": 80}}
print(len(stu))
print(stu.get("score").get("english"))
# 练习3
data = [
{"sid":1001,"name": "rain", "age": 22},
{"sid":1003,"name": "eric", "age": 32},
{"sid":1002,"name": "alvin", "age": 24},
]
for stu_dict in data:
name = stu_dict.get("name")
age = stu_dict.get("age")
print("姓名：%s，年龄：%d" % (name, age))
data2 = {
1001: {"name": "rain", "age": 22},
1002: {"name": "eric", "age": 32},
1003: {"name": "alvin", "age": 24},
}
print(data2.get(1001).get("name"))
for stu_id,stu_info in data2.items():
name = stu_info.get("name")
age = stu_info.get("age")
print("学号：%s，姓名：%s，年龄：%d" % (stu_id,name, age))
12. 字典的面试题
# 案例1
# l1 = [1, 2, 3]
# l2 = [4, 5, l1]
# print(l2) # [4, 5, [1, 2, 3]]
# l1[0] = 100
# print(l2)
# 案例2
stu01 = {"name": "rain"}
stus_dict = {1001: stu01}
print(stus_dict)
stu01["name"] = "alvin"
print(stus_dict)
print(id(stus_dict[1001]))
stus_dict[1001] = {"name": "eric"}
print(id(stus_dict[1001]))
print(id(stu01))
13. 作业
# 确定数据以什么数据类型和格式进行存储
students_dict = {
1001: {
"name": "yuan",
"scores": {
"chinese": 100,
"math": 89,
"english": 100,
}
},
1002: {
"name": "rain",
"scores": {
"chinese": 100,
"math": 100,
"english": 100,
}
},
}
while 1:
print('''
1. 查看所有学生成绩
2. 添加一个学生成绩
3. 修改一个学生成绩
4. 删除一个学生成绩
5. 退出程序
''')
choice = input("请输入您的选择：")
if choice == "1":
# 查看所有学生信息
print("*" * 60)
for sid, stu_dic in students_dict.items():
# print(sid,stu_dic)
name = stu_dic.get("name")
chinese = stu_dic.get("scores").get("chinese")
math = stu_dic.get("scores").get("math")
english = stu_dic.get("scores").get("english")
print("学号:%4s 姓名:%4s 语文成绩：%4s 数学成绩%4s 英文成绩:%4s" % (sid, name, chinese, math, english))
print("*" * 60)
elif choice == "2":
while 1:
sid = input("请输入学生学号>>>")
# 判断该学号是否存在
if int(sid) in students_dict: # 该学号已经存在！
print("该学号已经存在！")
else: # # 该学号不存在！
break
name = input("请输入学生姓名>>>")
chinese_score = input("请输入学生语文成绩>>>")
math_score = input("请输入学生数学成绩>>>")
english_score = input("请输入学生英语成绩>>>")
# 构建学生字典
scores_dict = {
"chinese": chinese_score,
"math": math_score,
"english": english_score,
}
stu_dic = {
"name": name,
"scores": scores_dict
}
print("stu_dic", stu_dic)
students_dict[int(sid)] = stu_dic
elif choice == "3":
while 1:
sid = input("请输入学生学号>>>")
# 判断该学号是否存在
if int(sid) in students_dict: # 该学号已经存在！
break
else: # # 该学号不存在！
print("该修改学号不存在！")
chinese_score = input("请输入学生语文成绩>>>")
math_score = input("请输入学生数学成绩>>>")
english_score = input("请输入学生英语成绩>>>")
# 修改学生成绩
scores_dict = {
"chinese": chinese_score,
"math": math_score,
"english": english_score,
}
students_dict.get(int(sid)).update({"scores": scores_dict})
print("修改成功")
elif choice == "4":
while 1:
sid = input("请输入学生学号>>>")
# 判断该学号是否存在
if int(sid) in students_dict: # 该学号已经存在！
break
else: # # 该学号不存在！
print("该修改学号不存在！")
students_dict.pop(int(sid))
print("删除成功")
elif choice == "5":
# 退出程序
break
else:
print("输入有误！")
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