python验证码生成并临时存储redis

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-08 15:12:40 发布

Thomas_Lean

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-08 15:12:40 发布

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分类专栏： Redis Python 学习笔记文章标签： python redis

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Lin_Hv/article/details/105271141

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1.生成随机字符拼接成验证码

import random

def rand_code(num):
	'''
	生成验证码
	'''
	code = ''
	i = 0
	while i < num:
		flag = random.randrange(0,3)
		if flag == 0:
			code += str(random.randrange(0,10))
		elif flag == 1:
			# 大写字母的ASCII：65-90 chr()函数ASCII转字母，ord()函数字母转ASCII
			code += chr(random.randrange(65, 91))
		else:
			# 生成小写字母：97-120
			code += chr(random.randrange(97,123))
		i+=1
	return code

返回结果：

>>> rand_code(4)
'Yk39'
>>> rand_code(5)
'H8PC5'
>>> rand_code(6)
'4L50P4'

其中：

# random.randrange(a, b)生成[a,b)任意值
# random.randrange(a, b, 1)生成[a,b)中的步长为1的随机值
# random.randint(a, b)生成[a,b]任意值

2.将验证码生产图片

第一种方式，基于PIL图片生成库：

import os
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
def create_img():
	'''
	生成图片
	'''
	code = rand_code(num)
	base_path = os.getcwd()
	img_file = 'code_{}.png'.format(code)
	img_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'app/fmdata/imgs/' + img_file)
	if not os.path.exists(img_path):
		font = ImageFont.truetype('/font/SIMFANG.TTF', 35) # 字体路径、字体大小
		img = Image.new('RGB', (200, 40), (255,180,0)) # 图片类型、大小、颜色
		draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
		for i in range(4):
			draw.text(( (200 / num) * i + 10 + random.randint(-10, 10),
			random.randint(0, 10)), code[i], (255,0,0), font=font) # 格式下字符显示位置（位置、元素、颜色、字体）
		# draw.text((0,0), self.code, (255,0,0),font=font)
		# img.show()
		img.save(img_path)

第二种方式，用三方库captcha生成比较好看的验证码：
官方demo：

from io import BytesIO
from captcha.audio import AudioCaptcha
from captcha.image import ImageCaptcha

audio = AudioCaptcha(voicedir='/path/to/voices')
image = ImageCaptcha(fonts=['/path/A.ttf', '/path/B.ttf'])

data = audio.generate('1234')
assert isinstance(data, bytearray)
audio.write('1234', 'out.wav')

data = image.generate('1234')
assert isinstance(data, BytesIO)
image.write('1234', 'out.png')

实例：

import os
from captcha.image import ImageCaptcha
def create_img():
	'''
	生成图片
	'''
	code = rand_code(num)
	base_path = os.getcwd()
	img_file = 'code_{}.png'.format(code)
	img_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'app/fmdata/imgs/' + img_file)
	new_code =''.join([j+' ' for j in code])[0:-1] #让字符空格分开，使得生成的验证图片更便于查看，不会重叠
	if not os.path.exists(img_path):
		image = ImageCaptcha().generate_image(new_code )
		# image .show()
		image.save(img_path)

3.将验证码临时存入redis，并设置过期时间用于验证

import redis
def connect_redis():
	'''
	链接redis
	'''
	pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=6379, decode_responses=True)
	return redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)

def save_redis(code):
	'''
	把临时生成的验证码存储到redis
	'''
	rd = connect_redis()
	rd.set('code_'+code, code) # 把验证码存储起来
	rd.expire('code_'+code, 60*5) # 验证码 5分钟后时效

4.验证提交的验证码是否正确

def check_code(code):
	'''
	检测验证码是否过期：用于登录或者前端验证使用
	'''
	rd = connect_redis()
	msg = True
	if not rd.get('code_'+code):
		msg = False

	return msg

以上就完成了验证码的生成、临时存储、验证等，如果想更好的使用请结合自身的项目进行改良。
生成的图片示例：

1.PIL生成的图片：

在这里插入图片描述

2.captcha生成的图片：

在这里插入图片描述
最后附上完整demo源码：

import os
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import redis
from datetime import datetime
import time

class CreatCode:
	def __init__(self, num):
		self.num = num
		self.code = ""
		self.img_path = ''

	def rand_code(self):
		'''
		生成验证码
		'''
		i = 0
		while i < self.num:
			flag = random.randrange(0,3)
			if flag == 0:
				self.code += str(random.randrange(0,10))
			elif flag == 1:
				# 大写字母的ASCII：65-90 chr()函数ASCII转字母，ord()函数字母转ASCII
				self.code += chr(random.randrange(65, 91))
			else:
				# 生成小写字母：97-120
				self.code += chr(random.randrange(97,123))
			i+=1

	def create_img(self):
		'''
		生成图片
		'''
		self.rand_code()
		base_path = os.getcwd()
		img_file = 'code_{}.png'.format(self.code)
		self.img_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'app/fmdata/imgs/' + img_file)
		if not os.path.exists(self.img_path):
			font = ImageFont.truetype('/home/www/finance/app/fmdata/imgs/SIMFANG.TTF', 35)
			img = Image.new('RGB', (200, 40), (255,180,0))
			draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
			for i in range(4):
				draw.text(( (200 / self.num) * i + 10 + random.randint(-10, 10),
				random.randint(0, 10)), self.code[i], (255,0,0), font=font) # 格式下字符显示位置
			# draw.text((0,0), self.code, (255,0,0),font=font)
			# img.show()
			img.save(self.img_path)
		save_redis(self.code) # 验证码保存到缓存

		return self.img_path, self.code
	
	def create_img_plus(self):
		'''
		生成图片
		'''
		code = rand_code(num)
		base_path = os.getcwd()
		img_file = 'code_{}.png'.format(code)
		img_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'app/fmdata/imgs/' + img_file)
		new_code =''.join([j+' ' for j in self.code])[0:-1] #让字符空格分开，使得生成的验证图片更便于查看，不会重叠
		if not os.path.exists(img_path):
			image = ImageCaptcha().generate_image(new_code )
			# image .show()
			image.save(img_path)
		save_redis(self.code) # 验证码保存到缓存

		return self.img_path, self.code


def connect_redis():
	'''
	链接redis
	'''
	pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=6379, decode_responses=True)
	return redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)

def save_redis(code):
	'''
	把临时生成的验证码存储到redis
	'''
	rd = connect_redis()
	rd.set('code_'+code, code) # 把验证码存储起来
	rd.expire('code_'+code, 60*5) # 验证码 5分钟后时效


def check_code(code):
	'''
	检测验证码是否过期：用于登录或者前端验证使用
	'''
	rd = connect_redis()
	msg = True
	if not rd.get('code_'+code):
		msg = False

	return msg

3.PIL生成gif图片：

以下借鉴于：https://blog.csdn.net/y472360651/article/details/90259372
依赖包：

pip install pillow
pip install imageio

完整代码：

import os
import random
from io import BytesIO

import imageio
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
from PIL import ImageFont


class GifCodeImage(object):
    def __init__(self, width=150, height=35, code_count=4, font_size=35, point_count=20, line_count=6, frame_count=30):
        """

        :param width: 图片宽度
        :param height: 图片高度
        :param code_count: 验证码位数
        :param font_size: 字体大小
        :param point_count: 噪点数量
        :param line_count: 噪线数量
        :param frame_count: gif的帧数
        """
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.code_count = code_count
        self.font_size = font_size
        self.point_count = point_count
        self.line_count = line_count
        self.frame_count = frame_count

    @staticmethod
    def get_random_color():
        """
        获取一个随机颜色(r,g,b)格式的
        :return:
        """
        c1 = random.randint(0, 255)
        c2 = random.randint(0, 255)
        c3 = random.randint(0, 255)
        return c1, c2, c3

    @staticmethod
    def get_random_str():
        """
        获取一个随机字符串，每个字符的颜色也是随机的
        :return:
        """
        random_num = str(random.randint(0, 9))
        random_low_alpha = chr(random.randint(97, 122))
        random_upper_alpha = chr(random.randint(65, 90))
        random_char = random.choice([random_num, random_low_alpha, random_upper_alpha])
        return random_char

    def get_code_and_image(self):
        """
        生成验证码与动画帧数
        :return:
        """
        code_str_list = []
        for _ in range(self.code_count):
            s = self.get_random_str()
            code_str_list.append(s)

        # bg_color = self.get_random_color()

        bg_color = 255,255,255

        frame_list = []
        for item in range(self.frame_count):
            image = Image.new('RGB', (self.width, self.height), bg_color)
            draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

            # path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "cabourgot-bold.otf")
            path = 'C:/Windows/Fonts/simhei.ttf' # 字体目录
            font = ImageFont.truetype(path, size=self.font_size)

            for i, code in enumerate(code_str_list):
                # v = random.randint(-7, 2)
                v = random.randint(-7, 10)
                x = random.randint(14, 22)
                draw.text((x + i * 30, v), code, self.get_random_color(), font=font)

            # 噪点噪线
            # 划线
            for i in range(self.line_count):
                x1 = random.randint(0, self.width)
                x2 = random.randint(0, self.width)
                y1 = random.randint(0, self.height)
                y2 = random.randint(0, self.height)
                draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=self.get_random_color())

            # 画点
            for i in range(self.point_count):
                draw.point([random.randint(0, self.width), random.randint(0, self.height)],
                           fill=self.get_random_color())
                x = random.randint(0, self.width)
                y = random.randint(0, self.height)
                draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=self.get_random_color())

            f = BytesIO()
            image.save(f, "png")
            data = f.getvalue()
            f.close()

            data = imageio.imread(data, format="png")
            frame_list.append(data)

        return frame_list, "".join(code_str_list)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    img = GifCodeImage()
    frame_list, code_str = img.get_code_and_image()
    imageio.mimsave("code.gif", frame_list, 'GIF', duration=0.35)
    print(code_str)