棋盘覆盖问题是指:给定一个大小为2^n × 2^n的棋盘和一个特殊方格(称为特殊点),用L型骨牌覆盖棋盘上除特殊点以外的所有方格,使得任何2个L型骨牌都不重叠,且所有L型骨牌都覆盖棋盘上的方格。其中L型骨牌由3个小正方形组成,可以旋转或翻转。
以下是棋盘覆盖问题的代码及伪代码:
```
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N=1<<7;
int n,ans,x,y;
int a[N][N];
void dfs(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3,int x4,int y4,int id)
{
if(id==0) return ;
int len=1<<(id-1),cnt=0;
if(x1>=x&&x1<=x+len&&y1>=y&&y1<=y+len) cnt++;
if(x2>=x&&x2<=x+len&&y2>=y&&y2<=y+len) cnt++;
if(x3>=x&&x3<=x+len&&y3>=y&&y3<=y+len) cnt++;
if(x4>=x&&x4<=x+len&&y4>=y&&y4<=y+len) cnt++;
if(cnt==0)
{
dfs(x1,y1,x1+len-1,y1+len-1,x1,y1+len,len-1,y1+len,id-1);
dfs(x2,y2,x2,y2+len-1,x2+len-1,y2,len-1,y2+len,id-1);
dfs(x3,y3,x3+len-1,y3,x3,y3+len,x3+len-1,y3+len,id-1);
dfs(x4,y4,x4,y4,x4+len-1,y4+len-1,x4+len,y4+len,id-1);
}
else
{
if(cnt!=4) ans++;
if(cnt==3)
{
if(x1<x||x1>x+len||y1<y||y1>y+len) dfs(x2,y2,x2,y2+len-1,x2+len-1,y2,len-1,y2+len,id-1),dfs(x3,y3,x3+len-1,y3,x3,y3+len,x3+len-1,y3+len,id-1),dfs(x4,y4,x4,y4,x4+len-1,y4+len-1,x4+len,y4+len,id-1);
if(x2<x||x2>x+len||y2<y||y2>y+len) dfs(x1,y1,x1+len-1,y1+len-1,x1,y1+len,len-1,y1+len,id-1),dfs(x3,y3,x3+len-1,y3,x3,y3+len,x3+len-1,y3+len,id-1),dfs(x4,y4,x4,y4,x4+len-1,y4+len-1,x4+len,y4+len,id-1);
if(x3<x||x3>x+len||y3<y||y3>y+len) dfs(x2,y2,x2,y2+len-1,x2+len-1,y2,len-1,y2+len,id-1),dfs(x1,y1,x1+len-1,y1+len-1,x1,y1+len,len-1,y1+len,id-1),dfs(x4,y4,x4,y4,x4+len-1,y4+len-1,x4+len,y4+len,id-1);
if(x4<x||x4>x+len||y4<y||y4>y+len) dfs(x2,y2,x2,y2+len-1,x2+len-1,y2,len-1,y2+len,id-1),dfs(x3,y3,x3+len-1,y3,x3,y3+len,x3+len-1,y3+len,id-1),dfs(x1,y1,x1+len-1,y1+len-1,x1,y1+len,len-1,y1+len,id-1);
}
else if(cnt==2)
{
if(!(x1>=x&&x1<=x+len&&y1>=y&&y1<=y+len)) swap(x2,x3),swap(y2,y3);
if(!(x4>=x&&x4<=x+len&&y4>=y&&y4<=y+len)) swap(x2,x4),swap(y2,y4);
if(!(x2>=x&&x2<=x+len&&y2>=y&&y2<=y+len)) swap(x3,x4),swap(y3,y4);
dfs(x3,y3,x3+x2-x4-x,y3+y2-y4-y,x3+x-x4-x+max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x2,len-x-x2),len)),y3+y-max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y2,len-y-y2),len)),id-1);
dfs(x3+x2-x4-x+max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x2,len-x-x2),len)),y3+y-max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y2,len-y-y2),len)),x2,y2,x+x2-x4-x+max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x4,len-x-x4),len)),y+y2-y4-y+max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y4,len-y-y4),len)),id-1);
dfs(x+x-len+x-x2+x-x+x-x+x,0,x+x-len+x-x+x-x+x,0,0,len-id,0,id-len);
dfs(0,0,0,len-id,0,len-id,0,0,id-len);
}
else if(cnt==1)
{
if(x3>=x&&x3<=x+len&&y3>=y&&y3<=y+y+y-len)
dfs(x+x-len+x-x3,0,x+x-len+x-x+x-len+x-x+x,0,0,len-id,0,id-len),
dfs(x+x-len+x-x+x-len+x-x+x,0,x-len+x-x+x-len+x-len+x,0,id-len,len-id,0,id-len),
dfs(0,0,0,len-id,0,len-id,0,0,id-len),
dfs(0,len-len+y-y+y-y+y-y-y+y-y+y-y+y-len,0,len-id,len-id,len-id,len-id,0,id-len),
dfs(0,len-len+y-y+y-y+y-y-y+y-y+y-y+y-len+max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len)),x+(max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len))),y,max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len))),x+(max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len))),len+y+y-len+max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len)),id-1;
else
dfs(x,len-len+x-x+x-len,0,len-id,max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len))),len+(max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len))),x+(max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len))),len+y-max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len)),id-1),
dfs(0,0,0,len-id,0,len-id,0,0,id-len),
dfs(len-len+x-x+max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len))),len+(max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len))),len,len-id,max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len))),len+(max(0,min(len-y+min(y-y3,len-y-y3),len))),len,max(0,min(len-x+min(x-x3,len-x-x3),len)))),id-len;
}
}
}
int main()
{
cin>>n>>x>>y;
a[x][y]=a[x][y+1]=a[x+1][y]=a[x+1][y+1]=-10000;
dfs(0,0,(n<<=n)-len,n<<=n,(n>>=n)-len,n>>=n,(n>>=n)-len,n>>=n,n);
cout<<ans;
return 0;
}
```
伪代码如下:
```
void chessboard_covering(int x_left_top,int y_left_top,int x_right_bottom,int y_right_bottom,int x_special,int y_special)
{
if(size=left_top corner to right_bottom corner equals 2)
{
// 使用一种确定的方法覆盖整个棋盘(如将特殊点放在左上角,第一次填充使用右下角方格)
return;
}
else
{
// 找到中心点的位置
int x_center=(x_left_top+x_right_bottom)/2;
int y_center=(y_left_top+y_right_bottom)/2;
// 计算中心点的id
int id_center=(size/2)*(size/2)+offset(id_center_x,id_center_y,size/2);
// 递归地处理四个子问题
chessboard_covering(...); // 左上角子问题
chessboard_covering(...); // 右上角子问题
chessboard_covering(...); // 左下角子问题
chessboard_covering(...); // 右下角子问题
}
}
```